首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The human species has increased its life span by________.
The human species has increased its life span by________.
admin
2022-04-28
17
问题
The human species has increased its life span by________.
W: The quest for immortality has been a past and a current obsession. How will medical advances contribute to longer life spans? Is there a limit to how long we can live?
M: In the 20th century, in the developed nations, our life span increased from about 50 years to about 80 years. In just 100 years, our species increased its life span by 60 percent. Right now changes in our lifestyle have more power to extend our life span than any medicines yet invented i sitting around waiting for a magical life-extending cure-all isn’ t healthy. Still, there have been some remarkable advances in identifying genes that affect aging. Manipulating those genes extends the life spans of some simple animals by 500 percent. I think our grandchildren may see a world in which people live healthier and considerably longer. But I won’t be there to find out if I was right.
W: Are the dangers of advancing medicine too far ever taken into consideration? What happens when there is no more sickness and people live so long that we overpopulate the planet? How far is too far?
M: I agree with you that longer lives and larger populations could cause problems. This is particularly true in overpopulated parts of the world, where hundreds of millions of people live in hunger and squalor. While discovering how to extend the healthy human life span, we also need to make major advances in cheap energy and food production. Otherwise we risk making the problems of overpopulation and uneven distribution of resources even worse.
W: How can we control harmful viruses when they seem to change more quickly than medical and research advances?
M: It is getting tougher for humans to fight viruses. Viruses counter our moves against them. They multiply very rapidly, and occasionally a genetic mutation occurs that allows them to resist our antiviral drugs. However, scientists are working on entirely new strategies. For example, a recently discovered natural process called RNA interference has shown early promise in treating viral infections. Like viruses, bacteria are also becoming more difficult to treat. Ironically, one way of countering bacteria may be to harness a group of viruses known as bacteriophages. For millions of years, these viruses have been killing specific bacteria without harming humans. Scientists are examining whether bacteriophages, rather than antibiotics, might help treat some bacterial infections.
W: What is the status on finding a cure for HIV/AIDS?
M: It is now 25 years since HIV/AIDS was first recognized, and we do not have either an effective vaccine or a curative antiviral treatment. Yet treatment has improved dramatically: For many people, HIV/AIDS is now a chronic disease and not a death sentence. Why don’ t we have a cure? One problem is that today’ s treatments, while suppressing HIV s ability to proliferate and damage organs, do not completely eliminate the virus from the body.
W: Obesity seems to foster just about every other malady known to man. What’ s down the road in the field of DNA research and drug therapy?
M: Obesity surely does make us more vulnerable to many major diseases, including heart disease and diabetes. No matter what great advances science offers, a healthy diet and regular exercise will always contribute to the maintenance of a healthy weight. That said, over the past 15 years scientists have discovered a group of genes that powerfully influence hunger and the efficiency with which we bum calories. It really is true: some people are born with "thin" genes. As we figure out how certain genes make it easier to be thin, I am optimistic that within the next 20 years we will develop new drugs that help us achieve a healthy weight without serious side effects.
W: How must medical training change to meet the future challenges of health care?
M: To be a good doctor, you have to know a lot of facts. Medical training does a very good job of teaching those facts. But a good doctor also needs to have many other skills : to keep up with an ever-changing body of medical knowledge; to learn how to make decisions such as how to balance the benefits of a test or treatment against its risks; to sense a patient’ s unexpressed fears or misunderstandings, and, above all, to care. It is a lot harder to teach these skills than to give medical students facts to memorize. At our medical school, and at many others, the curriculum is being changed to emphasize such skills.
W: The delivery of health care varies widely in this country, and medical errors cause a lot of unnecessary injury. How, going forward, will doctors be trained in the uniform practice of medicine?
M: Scientific medicine has given us outstanding technologies for diagnosing and treating disease, but doctors and hospitals do not always practice scientific medicine. Sometimes tests or treatments are ordered when their risks exceed their benefits. Other times, tests or treatments are not ordered when scientific studies say they should be. These departures are sometimes justified by a patient’ s wishes or a doctor’ s clinical judgment. Unfortunately, they occur more often because there are no systems in place to monitor practice and maintain quality. We need many more systems to encourage scientific medicine, while leaving room for justified exceptions to the rules.
选项
答案
To care / To be caring
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OKWd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
ThelifeofAlbertEinsteinisamodelinmanyways(31)bothnaturalandpoliticalscientists.Firstofall,healwaysempl
Amagazineholdsaspecialdiscussionondivorce.Writeanarticletothemagazinetostateyourownpointofviewondivorcean
SectionⅣWritingThenumberofyoungpeoplewholivetogetherbeforemarriagehasincreasedinrecentyears.Theadvocates
Tobeginwith,wearewitnessinga(31)explosionof"solos"—peoplewholive(32),outsideafamilyaltogether.Between1970and
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowtha
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowtha
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowtha
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowtha
OnNovember5th1605,abandofEnglishCatholichotheadsplannedtodetonate36barrelsofgunpowderundertheHouseofLords.
随机试题
某铁矿所处位置年降雨量一般为1349.3~1986.4mm。该矿区水系较发育,内部发育有3条溪沟。矿区水文地质条件复杂,矿区主要含水层自上而下由大理岩、灰岩、硅质灰岩及泥质灰岩等组成,岩溶发育,平均岩溶率为6.08%,岩溶主要发育在标高200m以上,随深度
试述适用ATA单证册的暂准进出境货物的报关程序。
有关眼睑接触性皮炎的描述,错误的是
以下哪些是正常变异心电图
内脏痛的主要特点是()
增值税专用发票的开具范围,下列说法正确的是( )。
A公司2016年初固定资产净值为2300万元,年末固定资产净值为3400万元。其当年销售收入净额为8730万元,则A公司固定资产周转率为()。
一般情况下,变动收益证券比固定收益证券( )。
名校办分校是近年来冒出的新生事物,这项举措受到各方意见的________:“名校连锁”是否________、是否与义务教育均衡发展________。依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是:
在我国,公民的诉愿权是对公民的()的统称
最新回复
(
0
)