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  3. Overcoming procrastination: A Practical Approach Do you find that you often begin correspondence with a phrase like, "I’m sor

Overcoming procrastination: A Practical Approach Do you find that you often begin correspondence with a phrase like, "I’m sor

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问题                                               Overcoming procrastination: A Practical Approach
   Do you find that you often begin correspondence with a phrase like, "I’m sorry it’s taken me long to get back to you," or, "My apologies for the delay in responding"? This may be an indication that you’ re in the habit of purring things off. Similarly, a desk of files filled with projects which you have yet to begin or which are partially completed but inactive, is another sure sign that there’s problem, ff you are one of those people who insists on cleaning up all the little projects awaiting you, in order to remove those "bothersome little things" before you begin a major project, you are actually engaging in procrastination by allowing yourself to fall victim to the "tyranny of the trivial".
                                       Reasons for procrastination
    Like many issues involving time management, procrastination is a behavioral problem, and like all such problems it can, with sufficient motivation, be changed. In order to change a behavioral parrem, however, it is necessary to understand the reasons for that behavior.
    Don’t know where to start
    If you think about it, the tasks which you tend to postpone will generally fall into two categories. The firstof these is the fairly large or complex task. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome, which only adds to the pressure to do a good job, and yet their very complesity makes it diffcult to know just where or how to begin. The result is that the task is put off until it simply has to be dealt with.
    An unplesant task
    The second category of task commonly postponed is that which is either unpleasant to do or may have unpleasant consequences. This may be some aspect of your work that you simply don’t enjoy, or it may be something like a negative job appraisal for an employee, for which you know there will be repercussions. Again, the task is put off until other pressures make it necesary for it to be tackled.
    Fear of failure
    On a hit more "psychological" note, there are those who put off tasks because they have a subconscious fear that they will not be able to perform them satisfactorily. Related to this arc those who hold themselves to the standard of perfection for all work they do. If you suspect that their work will be less than perfect they may be inclined to put it off.
    Excusing sub-standard performance
    At the opposite end of the spectrum are those who use procrastination (generally not on a conscious level) as a means of excusing work which they know is of poor quality. "I could have done better if I’d had more time," is the general refrain of such people, though on closer examination it may be found that they didn’t have time because they chose to procrastinate. Keep in mind, of course, that there are some projects which do come up as emergencies and for which you really don’t have sufficient time, so don’t assume that this refrain is always a sign of a procrastination problem.
    Overcoming Procrastination
    It is important that you take the time to recognize which reasons apply most to you or to your staff members. By doing so you will be able to select from the solutions that follow, the one or more that will best help you to overcome procrastination.
    Use the SWAP approach. If you analyze an overwhelming task that is currently facing you, you will probably find that it can be broken down into a number of smaller, more manageable pieces. A logical order will emerge for compliting each part, or you may have to impose such an order on the component parts. You can then SWAP—Start With A Part. And if you’ve listed the various parts in writing—which is recommended—you can have the pleasure of crossing them off step by step, and seeing a visual representation et the fact that as you complete each step you bring yourself closer to the completion of the overall project.
    The importane of deadline. We tend to see deadline as a cause of stress rather than as a solution. This is because they are often unrealistic, and they are often imposed by others. Actually, when you face a project of which no deadline has been established, you should established one. This helps you to focus on a project, and it helps you plan your time. Deadlines should not be set only for the completion of the project, but for the various steps along the way as well. Be sure, however, that your deadlines are realistic, or you will only increase the pressure which deadlines—strange as it may seem—have the power to reduce.
    The Power of Priorities. When is procrastination not procrastination? When you have postponed low prioriries tasks in order to complete tasks of a higher pririty. Not everything we do has same importance and we must recognize this and use it in setting priorities. We must also remimber that priorities must constantly be reevaluated and recorded as circumstance change. If you find that the tasks you are postponing are consisrenlyof low importance, while filling your time with "comfort tasks." If this is the case you may choose to give yourself a reward. It may sound trivial, but it works.
    Tell someone else. If you have b big project to work on, let someone else know about it, and let them know what your deadline is. It may be a co-worker, it may be a family member, it may be a friend. The fact is that while we often don’t mind disappointing ourselves, we are far less likely to disappoint others. Thus, we have the incentive to work on the projict, if for no other reason than that we would be embarrassed to have to admit to a friend, family member or co-worker, that we have failed.
    Avoid momentum busters. It is imperrive that you build—and maintain-momentum in working on a project. As Newton tells us, "A body at rest tends to remain at rest, while a boby in motion tends to remain in metion." Newton wasn’t talking about procrastination, but he might have been. Surely the most important step in completing any project is to atart it, by whatever means necessary. Once you’ve started, then you have to try to avoid things that will bring you to a halt again. The worst of these is interruptions. If at all possible, try to remove yourself from the source of interruptions. It’s all right to say to a friedn that you can’t talk because you’re working on an important project. And as far as the interruptions you can’t avoid, be sure that you return to hte project immediately alter you have dealt with them. Don’t stop when you’re facing a difficulty, because you wont be inclined to return to the project and face that sam difficulty the next time.
    Breaking habits requires the creation of other, better habits in their place, and this is never an overnight process. Nor should it be an overwhelming one. The surest route to failure is to look at this list of solutions and attempt to put them all into effect at once. Select a single solution which seems to have the greatest impact on your specific pattern of procrastination behaviour, and begin to put that into effect immediately. Recognize that it will take some time before these new behaviour become ingrained in your regular work process. Once they have, however, you can add additional solutions and change additional behaviours, always being careful to avoid the temptation to become obsessed with the subject. There are, and there always will be, things that you should postpone until later, and you must differentiate these from cases of true procrastination.
According to the author, it is a good habit to finish all the small projects before starting with a major one.
选项 A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案B
解析
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