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  3. What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group’s IQ would be simply the average intelligence of the group’s members, or

What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group’s IQ would be simply the average intelligence of the group’s members, or

admin2013-10-17  71
问题     What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group’s IQ would be simply the average intelligence of the group’s members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team’s smartest participant. But researchers who study groups have found that this isn’t so.
    Rather, a group’s intelligence emerges from the interactions that go on within the group. A team’s intelligence can be measured, and like an individual’s IQ score, it can accurately predict the team’s performance on a wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual’s intelligence is expandable, a group’s intelligence can also be increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the development of smart teams:
    Choose team members carefully. The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another’s social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
    Talk about the " how". Many members of teams don’t like to spend time talking about " process" , preferring to get right down to work—but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they will work together are ultimately more efficient and effective.
    Share the floor. In the most intelligent teams, found Woolley, members take turns speaking. Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don’t say much bring down the intelligence of the group. Alex Sandy Pentland, an MIT professor who studies group dynamics, has found that in smart teams, members connect directly with one another—not just with the team leader—and they’re constantly engaging in "back channel" or side conversations that supplement the main discussion.
    Boost informal social connections among members. The smartest teams spend a lot of time communicating outside of formal meetings, says Pentland. He tells of a call center where team members’ coffee breaks were staggered across the workday. Changing the schedule so that all members had a coffee break at the same time led them to do their work more efficiently and feel more satisfied with their jobs.
    Be open to external influences. In the most successful groups, Pentland discovered, team members regularly take off on their own to explore and discover. They then bring that information back to the group, stimulate the group’s work with fresh insights from the world outside the conference room.
What does Anita Williams Woolley say about members of smart teams?
选项 A、They are careful in choosing team members.
B、They know clearly about each other’s social status.
C、They pay attention to discussing the team’s work process.
D、They are more likely to get work done immediately.
答案C
解析 观点态度题。本题考查安尼塔·威廉姆斯·伍利对高智能团队成员的评价。第四段第二句提到，许多团队成员不喜欢花时间谈论“进程”，而更喜欢直接投入工作。但是伍利注意到，花时间讨论如何一起开展工作的团队最终表现得更有效率、更有成效。由此推测，高智能的团队会注意讨论团队的工作进程，故答案为C)。A)“他们会认真挑选团队成员”是作者给出的建议，不是伍利的观点，故排除；B)“他们对每个成员的社会地位了如指掌”是对第三段第二句中social cues的误解，social cues意为“社交暗示”，与社会地位没有关系，故排除；D)“他们更倾向于迅速开展工作”是伍利对很多不够聪明的团队的评价，故排除。
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