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  3. Suppose it were perfectly certain that the life and fortune of every one of us would, one day or other, depend upon his winning

Suppose it were perfectly certain that the life and fortune of every one of us would, one day or other, depend upon his winning

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问题     Suppose it were perfectly certain that the life and fortune of every one of us would, one day or other, depend upon his winning or losing a game of chess.【F1】Don’t you think that we should all consider it to be a primary duty to learn at least the names and the moves of the pieces; to have a notion of a gambit, and a keen eye for all the means of giving and getting out of check?
    It is a very plain and elementary truth, that the life, the fortune, and the happiness of every one of us, and, more or less, of those who are connected with us, do depend upon our knowing something of the rules of a game infinitely more difficult and complicated than chess.【F2】It is a game which has been played for untold ages, every man and woman of us being one of the two players in a game of his or her own. The chessboard is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance.【F3】To the man who plays well, the highest stakes are paid, with that sort of overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength. And one who plays ill is checkmated—without haste, but without remorse.
    My metaphor will remind some of you of the famous picture in which Retzsch has depicted Satan playing at chess with man for his soul.【F4】Substitute for the mocking devil in that picture a cairn, strong angel who is playing for love, as we say, and would rather lose than win—and I should accept it as an image of human life.
    Well, what I mean by Education is learning the rules of this mighty game. In other words,【F5】education is the instruction of the intellect in the laws of Nature, under which name I include not merely things and their forces, but men and their ways; and the fashioning of the affections and of the will into an earnest and loving desire to move in harmony with those laws. For me, education means neither more nor less than this.
【F3】
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答案对于善于对弈的人来说，最高的赌注已经下了，显得慷慨有余，那是强者乐于看到对手力量时的表现。
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