2. 计算机
  3. Murphy’s Law suggests，“If anything can go wrong，it will．”Murphy has motivated numerous pearls of wisdom about projects，machines，

Murphy’s Law suggests，“If anything can go wrong，it will．”Murphy has motivated numerous pearls of wisdom about projects，machines，

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问题 Murphy’s Law suggests，“If anything can go wrong，it will．”Murphy has motivated numerous pearls of wisdom about projects，machines，people，and why things go wrong．
  A project is a [temporary] sequence of unique，complex，and connected_______(1) having one goal or purpose and that must be completed by a specific time，within budget，and according to _______(2)．Project management is the ______(3) of scoping，planning，staffing，organizing，directing，and controlling the development of an acceptable information system at a minimum cost within a specified time frame．Project management is a cross life cycle activity because it overlaps all phases of any systems development methodology．
  For any systems development project，effective project management is necessary to ensure that the proj ect meets the deadline，is developed within a(an)  _______(4)  budget，and fulfills customer expectations and specifications．
    Corporate rightsizing has changed the structure and culture of most organizations，and hence，project management．More flexible and temporary interdepartmental(不同部门间的)teams that are given greater responsibility and authority for the success of organizations have replaced rigid hierarchical command structures and permanent teams．Contemporary system development methodologies depend on having teams that include both technical and nontechnical users，managers，and information technologists all directed to the projectgoal．These  _______(5) teams require leadership and project management．
(5)
选项 A、invariable
B、fixed
C、permanent
D、dynamic
答案D
解析 参考译文
墨菲定律建议，“任何一件事如果会出错，它就一定会出错。”墨菲定律说明了项目、机器、人和事情为什么会出错。
    项目是一个(临时的)唯一的、复杂的和关联的具有同一目标或目的并且必须在一个特定时间里、在预算内、按照规格说明要求完成的活动的序列。项目管理是在指定时间内用最少的费用开发可接受的系统的管理过程，内容包括确定范围、计划、人员安排、组织、指导和控制。
    对于任何系统开发项目来说，为了确保项目满足最后期限，在一个可接受的预算内开发，并实现客户的预期和要求，有效的项目管理是必需的。
    公司重组以及改变了大多数组织的结构和文化，同时也改变了项目管理的方式。更灵活的和临时的多部门团队对组织的成功负有很大的责任和权利，他们已经代替了严格的层次式命令结构和永久的团队。现代的系统开发方法学依赖于具有一支由技术性的和非技术性的用户、管理人员、信息技术专家构成的项目团队，团队成员都面向同样的项目目标。这种动态的团队需要领导和项目管理。
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