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  3. Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of

Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of

admin2022-06-13  6
问题     Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others) occur alone. This is called high-functioning autism, or Asperger’s syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful (sometimes very successful) members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is declining.
    What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than women—so much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme demonstration of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.
    Moreover, what is true of autism is true, to a lesser extent, of a lot of other neurological and cognitive disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed around three times more often in boys than in girls. "Intellectual disability", a catch-all term for inborn low IQ, is 30-50％ more common in boys, as is epilepsy. In fact, these disorders frequently show up in combination. For instance, children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD.
    Autism’s precise causes are unclear, but genes are important. Though no mutation which, by itself, causes autism has yet been discovered, well over 100 are known that make someone with them more vulnerable to the condition.
Most of these mutations are as common in women as in men, so one explanation for the divergent incidence is that male brains are more vulnerable than female ones to equivalent levels of genetic disruption. This is called the female-protective model. The other broad explanation, social-bias theory, is that the difference is illusory. Girls are being under-diagnosed because of differences either in the ways they are assessed, or in the ways they cope with the condition, rather than because they actually have it less. Some researchers claim, for example, that girls are better able to hide their symptoms.  
The text mainly centers on autism’s________.
选项 A、features and symptoms
B、gender ratio and its explanation
C、causes and its medical treatment
D、relationship with other disorders
答案B
解析 主旨题。文章首段对自闭症进行定义，说明它的特征、症状、患者特点；第二段讨论自闭症患者的男女比例；第三段讨论与自闭症相关的其他症状和男女比例；第四段讨论影响自闭症的因素；最后一段通过讨论说明：自闭症患者并非男女差异明显，而是女性患者可能比较擅长隐藏她们的症状。A项features and symptoms“特征和症状”只能概括第一段；B项gender ratio and its explanation“性别比例和对于该比例的解释”可以概括全文；选项C：causes and its medical treatment“原因及其药物治疗”，第四段提到“原因尚不明确”，而medical treatment属于无中生有；D项relationship with other disorders “和其他疾病的关系”只能概括第三段。故本题答案为B。
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