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  3. Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a

Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a

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问题     Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a new study says.
    The research identified happy and unhappy spouses, culled(选出)from a national database. Of the unhappy partners who divorced, about half were happy five years later. But unhappy spouses who stuck it out often did better. About two-thirds were happy five years later. Study results contradict what seems to be common sense, says David Blankenhorn of the Institute for American Values, a think-tank on the family. The institute helped sponsor the research team based at the University of Chicago. Findings will be presented in Arlington, Va., at the "Smart Marriage" conference, sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education.
    The study looked at data on 5,232 married adults from the National Survey of Families and Households. It included 645 who were unhappy. The adults in the national sample were analyzed through 13 measures of psychological well-being. Within the five years, 167 of the unhappy were divorced or separated and 478 stayed married.
    Divorce didn’t reduce symptoms of depression, raise self-esteem or increase a sense of mastery compared with those who stayed married, the report says. Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships. What helped the unhappy married turn things around? To supplement the formal study data, the research team asked professional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were "marriage survivors". All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages. These 55 once-discontented married felt their unions got better via one of three routes, the report says:
    Marital endurance. "With time, job situations improved, children got older or better, or chronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective." Partners did not work on their marriages.
    Marital work. Spouses actively worked "to solve problems, change behavior or improve communication".
    Personal change. Partners found "alternative ways to improve their own happiness and build a good and happy life despite a mediocre marriage." In effect, the unhappy partner changed.
The 13 measures of psychological well-being are used to _____.
选项 A、serve as the standards for choosing the subjects of the research
B、serve as the ways to help adults to get over their unhappy marriage
C、examine all the 5,232 married adults
D、examine all the adults in the database
答案C
解析 第3段第3句中的The adults in the national sample指的就是已被抽样出来的受试者，即指第3段首句提到过的5232 married adults，因此本题答案为C。第3段第3句表明这13项指标是用于分析theadults in the national sample的，言下之意，sample(subjects)都已经选好了，因此A的说法是错误的；该句也表示这13项指标是用于analyze受试者的，该段没有进一步说明如何帮助婚姻不幸福的夫妇克服困难，因此B不正确；本文的主题是婚姻状况，因此，13项指标所分析的对象应该也与主题密切相关，不需要分析数据库中的所有成年人，只要关注有婚姻状况的就行了，因此D覆盖范围过于宽泛，也不对。
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