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  3. Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】______worlds, while dur

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】______worlds, while dur

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问题     Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】______worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" 【C2】______ meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of【C3】______that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 【C4】______ to others. Examination of factors related to the 【C5】______ development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in【C6】______.
    The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 【C7】______, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 【C8】______, and thus there was some 【C9】______ in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a【C10】______activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would【C11】______distraction to other readers.
    Towards the end of the century there was still【C12】______argument over whether books should be used for information or treated【C13】______, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way【C14】______weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However,【C15】______its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was【C16】______by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a【C17】______readership on the other.
    By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate,【C18】______not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly【C19】______what the term "reading"【C20】______.
【C19】
选项 A、translated
B、differed
C、shifted
D、altered
答案D
解析 考查动词辨析。本句句义为：在这个世纪，社会、文化和科技领域的改变大大地______“阅读”这个词的______。D．altered“改变，更改”符合文意，为最佳选项。translated“翻译”；differed“不一致，不同”，为不及物动词；shifted“改变(位置或方向)”，均不符合题意。
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