2. 外语
  3. To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates(模

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates(模

admin2010-11-02  39
问题      To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates(模仿)every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other examples. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do."
     Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority(权威)or expert who can show what to do.
    There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket(喧闹)is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say it quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets some actions and criticizes others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
    In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.
    Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure.  We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
Since a child is particular about whom he tries to model on, he tends to choose a person with______.
选项
答案preferred social status
解析 细节题。根据文章第四段第一、二句In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. (研究各种动作可能会引起的反应时。孩子并不会随机选择榜样。他会模仿那些看起来优秀的人或他喜欢的人，而对于处在自己不欣赏的社会地位的人则并非如此。)在这里作者表明小孩选择模仿的对象并不是随意的，而是the person who seems a good person to be like。因此推测应为a person with preferred social status。
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