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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题    Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______retirement could help.
   Early retirement may seem like a【C3】______individual goal, but it is a socially expensive one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the funding of those in work for their【C5】______, The【C6】______is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and rising life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double in size. Public pension payments, which【C7】______30c80 % of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C8】______to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.
   【C9】______is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C10】______for.
   Action is needed,【C11】______simply aiming to reduce the【C12】______(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C13】______the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C14】______to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of
   【C15】______early retirement schemes to avoid【C16】______and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C17】______persuading people to stay in work until they are older.【C18】______, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______rate should rise a new.
【C13】
选项 A、augment
B、minimize
C、define
D、assess
答案A
解析 本题考查上下文语义。augment指“扩大，增加”；minimize指“使减少到最低限度”；define指“定义，解释”；assess指“评定(性质、质量)；估定(数量、价值)”。空格所在的动名词短语由or连接引出，也就与前面减小养老金压力的方法并列。将答案一一代入，不难确定A选项为正确答案，意为“增加系统内私有养老金的作用”。
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