2. 外语
  3. Read the text below about labor shortage. For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. The

Read the text below about labor shortage. For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. The

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问题 Read the text below about labor shortage.
For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
There is an example at the beginning, (0).

    (0) ............little service productivity growth, the principal way of expanding output has been to add more bodies. Politicians love to take credit (31) ............ an 18. 2 million increase in jobs in this decade, (32) ............in the service businesses firms essentially have been digging the Grand Canyon with millions of people equipped only with picks and shovels—more production but achieved by the brute-force technique of adding bodies, rather (33) ............by improving efficiency.
    The opportunities (34) ............ improve service productivity through office automation, better management, etc. are tremendous, even (35) ............an increase in the skills of the rank and file. The pressure to get that improvement will come from the customers, themselves facing excruciating global competition. A manufacturer can be, doing a bang-up job of raising his own productivity.
    Furthermore, (36) ............the globalization of almost everything, service industries from finance (37) ............airlines are now experiencing direct international competition. And the deregulation of banking, trucking, telecommunications and other service industries has freshened the bracing winds of competition, forcing companies (38) ............ AT&T and U. S. West to slash their workforces to dramatically improve productivity.
    A speed-up in productivity growth means that fewer additional service workers will be hired (39) ............non-manufacturing productivity had grown on trend in the last decade, jobs would have been creeled, and the current unemployment rate would be 13%, and if overall productivity growth in the next ten years averages 2%, the unemployment rate will still average about 10%.
    So forget about labor shortages in the 1990s. Any slowdown in the labor supply will be more than compensated (40)............by increased use of machinery and computers, and by people working better and smarter.
选项
答案WITHOUT
解析 通过办公自动化和优化管理提高生产力的机会是很多的，这是前句的意思，那么后句的意思是“即使普通成员个人技能的提高”。两者比较，可看出后者有些微不足道。因此这里应该填入without。
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