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  3. Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

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问题     Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
    First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual anti moral information which he has obtained. (47)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
    This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one (48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
    The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. "Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts", as Emerson would say, "is something else".

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答案我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可能有助于解决道德问题，但他还没承担起研究道德问题事实方面以外的任何责任。
解析 这个句子虽长，可是理解还是比较简单的。主要是主句加上一个本身带有让步状语从句的原因状语从句。主句部分主要要确认指代关系。其中，当第一次出现代词"him"的时候，考生不难发现它指代的就是最近的中心词"average scientist"(一般科学家)。而在后面的原因状语从句中，则再一次考察了"his"的指代关系。根据"代一不代二"的原则，同句出现反复指代，那么只要翻译首次出现的代词即可。在原因状语从句部分中，难点在于"he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems"。结合上下文，可以看出，本句的意思是：没人指望科学家研究问题的道德层面，我们只要求他们研究问题的事实层面。
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