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Understanding what distinguishes people who battle with Alzheimer’s as they age from those whose mental acuteness remains strong

admin2022-11-05  91
问题     Understanding what distinguishes people who battle with Alzheimer’s as they age from those whose mental acuteness remains strong well into their 80s, 90s and even older, is a major focus of current psychiatric research. Previous studies have pointed to the potentially protective value of exercise, social support and even language skills. And other studies have also shown that having a strong sense of purpose in life is, unsurprisingly, associated with greater overall mental health, happiness, and even longevity. A study published recently in the Archives of General Psychiatry expands on that research, finding that people who reported feeling a greater sense of purpose in life were less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than those who reported feeling less fulfilled.
    The study, conducted by researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, analyzed medical records and life outlook among 951 participants from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. At the beginning of the study, participants’ overall sense of purpose in life was measured by assessing their level of agreement with 10 statements—such as, "I have a sense of direction and purpose in life,"—derived from a psychological well-being scale.
    After an average of four years of follow-up, 16.3％ (155) participants had developed Alzheimer’s disease. When researchers analyzed the relationship between the psychological well-being scale and risk of Alzheimer’s, they found that participants who reported higher levels of fulfillment were significantly less likely to have developed the degenerative mental disease than those who expressed less sense of validation in life. In fact, participants with high scores on the life purpose test were 2.4 times less likely to develop Alzheimer’s compared with those who had the lowest scores.
    Researchers say that what drives the correlation between reduced risk and heightened sense of purpose is not clear, and should be explored with future research. Still, they expressed optimism at the findings, which add to studies that have linked sense of fulfillment in life everything from better sleep to improved psychological health. What’s more, because a sense of purpose is something that can be cultivated, researchers say that these findings could point toward new treatments designed to improve sense of fulfillment in older adults. If these findings are replicated, they say, "the implications could be far-reaching, and efforts to increase purpose in life may help reduce the rapidly increasing burden of cognitive impairment in old age."
    Perhaps Marlow and Frances Cowan can offer some insight into how to make the most of life as you age. It’s hard to watch the elderly couple’s playful—and off-hand—piano performance in a lobby at the Mayo Clinic without admiring their sense of fulfillment, and breaking into a grin.
Researchers measure participants’ overall sense of purpose in life by ________.
选项 A、analyzing their medical records and life outlook
B、rating their level of agreement with 10 statements
C、assessing psychological well-being scale
D、tracking their attitude towards everyday life
答案B
解析 根据题干中的关键词participants’ overall sense of purpose in life可定位到第二段。该段谈及芝加哥的拉什大学医疗中心所做的一项研究及其目的和内容。其中第二句measured后by的内容即为测量参与者整体生活目标感的方法，assessing their level of agreement with 10 statements表示“用10项声明的同意程度来测量”，B项与之对应，故为正确答案。A项内容出现在第二段第一句，这是芝加哥的拉什大学医疗中心该项研究的内容，而非测量生活目标感的方式。C项属于强干扰项，该段最后一句的derived from a psychological well-being scale “源于心理幸福程度”只是短语作后置定语，用来修饰破折号前面的10 statements，属于次要信息，与题干关键信息 “测量生活目标感”对接的是10项声明。D项中的“日常生活态度”在文中找不到对应依据。
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