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  3. It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typical

It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typical

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问题    It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears (落泪者) is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
   Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival.
   Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Loud cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
   Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in reducing stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
   Other researchers are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of making a careful examination of human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University’s Tear Analysis Laboratory, Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of dry eye"syndrome (综合征) and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
What does the phrase"both those responses"in Paragraph 1 refer to?
选项 A、Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
B、The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
C、The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.
D、Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
答案C
解析 看第一段第三句。介绍落泪者和旁观者对落泪的普遍反应
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