2. 外语
  3. 21 . During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the United States and about 408,000 members of the United Stat

21 . During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the United States and about 408,000 members of the United Stat

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问题 21 . During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the United States and about 408,000 members of the United States armed forces died overseas. On the basis of those figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous to be overseas in the armed forces during the Second World War than it was to stay at home as a civilian. Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above?
选项 A、Counting deaths among members of the armed forces who served in the United States in addition to deaths among members of the armed forces serving overseas.
B、Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among civilians and members of the armed forces as a percentage of the total number of deaths.
C、Separating deaths caused by accidents during service in the armed forces from deaths caused by combat injuries.
D、Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total numbers of deaths.
E、Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths caused by combat in the armed forces.
答案D
解析 从两组人中死亡人数接近而得出结论认为在两组人中相对的死亡危险是接近的，这是荒谬的，因为在这里一组人的人数要少的多。选项(D)通过指出需要比较两组的死亡率(这种比较将揭示出人数少的一组有更高的死亡率)从而揭露了这种荒谬。因此，(D)是正确答案；由于该结论承认了平民死亡人数和军人死亡人数的差别，将这种差别表现为百分比，如(B)所述，偏离了主题；选项(A)不合适，因为它只是向被比较的两组人中增加了第三组；因为死亡的原因同本题无关，(C)和(E)是无关选项
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