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  3. 　　Scorpion tails can simultaneously twist and bend thanks to unusual joints, which could inspire new kinds of robots. 　　A detail

　　Scorpion tails can simultaneously twist and bend thanks to unusual joints, which could inspire new kinds of robots. 　　A detail

admin2022-02-15  12
问题 　　Scorpion tails can simultaneously twist and bend thanks to unusual joints, which could inspire new kinds of robots.
　　A detailed analysis of the scorpion tail reveals that its joints move simultaneously in ways similar to both a door hinge and a rotating wheel, providing for highly precise sting strikes, all the while allowing body tissues to run through its hollow structure.
　　" Nobody has ever seen a joint like this before, so it’s really fascinating, " says Alice Gilnther at the University of Rostock in Germany.
　　【F1】After investigating dozens of scorpions representing 16 species, Giinther and her colleagues ran microscopic computed tomography (CT) scans of the five tail segments of a laboratory-bred adult female Mesobuthus gibbosus scorpion, a species that has tails typical of the vast majority of scorpions. They used the images to create 3D digital and print models providing more practical views of the arachnid’s tail joint, which evolved into its current form 400 million years ago.
　　They found that the first four segments have an unusual design. One end of each segment has two small knob-like elevations that look like they could insert into a complementary socket to make a stable hinge joint. Instead, however, the knobs latch into a circular rim in the connecting segment. Because the system is not fixed, the segments can slide and twist along that rim as if they were on a rail.
　　Only the fifth segment—the one with the stinger—has sockets for the two knobby joints. The stinger’s joint bends but does not twist, Giinther says.
　　Because scorpions have an exoskeleton, their tail segments create a long, jointed tube through which run muscles, nerves and even the intestines all the way up to the anus at the fourth segment.
　　This makes the tail unique because it does what limbs do for other animals—like hunting and digging—while encasing major life systems, says Giinther.【F2】As such, the tail’s design could be particularly interesting for industries that require transporting fluids through articulated arms, she says.
　　【F3】Doctors and surgeons could deliver targeted treatments into specific body parts through such devices, for example, or cables and other sensitive equipment could be protected inside jointed robots, says Fabrizio Scarpa at the University of Bristol, UK, who was not involved in the work.
　　Even so, the tube aspect is not nearly as exciting as the joint mechanics themselves, Scarpa says.【F4】" From my perspective, what’s really interesting is that unique bending and twisting junction mechanism, because it’s just so robust," he says.
　　【F5】It could find use in soft robotics, in which robots are built with flexible materials, and in aeronautics, like for morphing airplane wings that respond to air forces by changing shape to keep the aircraft afloat, he says.
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答案在研究了代表16个物种的数十只蝎子后，冈瑟和她的同事对实验室培育的成年雌性隆背中杀牛蝎的五个尾段进行了显微计算机断层扫描(CT)扫描，这种蝎子具有绝大多数蝎子的典型尾巴。
解析 本句是主从复合句。主干为Gunther and her colleagues ran microscopic computed tomography(CT)scans of the five tail segments of a laboratory-bred adult female Mesobuthus gibbosus scorpion。After investigating dozens of scorpions representing 16 species为连词加分词结构，效果相当于一个状语从句，其中representing 16 species为现在分词作为后置定语，修饰scorpions。a species是Mesobuthus gibbosus scorpion的同位语。that has tails typical of the vast majority of scorpions为定语从句，修饰先行词a species。dozen意为“一打，12个”，dozens of表面意思为“几打”，在此意为“数十”即可。后置定语representing 16 species较短，可以翻译到scorpions之前。
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