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  3. Send in the Clones "Scientists have made a breakthrough to clone a human being", as one TV newsman put it. While his descrip

Send in the Clones "Scientists have made a breakthrough to clone a human being", as one TV newsman put it. While his descrip

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问题                 Send in the Clones
    "Scientists have made a breakthrough to clone a human being", as one TV newsman put it. While his description was off the mark, the real news was almost as fantastic: researchers at George Washington University split single human embryos into identical copies, a technology that has sparked a storm of controversy around the world.
    Claiming they began the experiments to spur a debate, the researchers got more than they bargained for. The Vatican condemned the technology as evil; one German magazine called the research "immoral", and sociologists in the US disagreed hotly over whether the technology should be offered to infertile couples, couples incapable of having children.
    The news left people wondering what the technology is all a-bout. Actually what the researchers did was to extend a technique that has been used in livestock for more than a decade. The physicians used tube fertilization technology to create 17 human embryos in a laboratory. When the embryos had grown enough to contain 28 cells, the researchers separated them into 48 cells. Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab, developing into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin.
    Though no great technical feat, the procedure opens a range of unsettling possibilities. For example, parents could have one embryo implanted in the mother’s womb and store its identical siblings indefinitely. The spare embryos could be implanted later, allowing parents to create a family of identical children of different ages. Spare embryos could also be sold to other families, who could see from an already born child how their embryo would turn out. Even more bizarre, a woman conceived from a split embryo could give birth to her own twin. Such scenarios raise painful issues about the rights of parents and meaning of individuality.
    Some sociologists maintain that parents have the right to do with embryos what they will, including having twins born years apart. But others fear that the procedure unacceptably alters what it means to be human being, especially when the younger twins are forced to see older versions of themselves.
    Amid the controversy, one thing seems certain: the experiments will continue. While cloning is forbidden in Germany, fertility research is proceeding in the US without federal regulations. But researchers must obtain approval from their hospital board. Without federal oversight, the highly competitive fertility business may soon use the new technology to attract clients. As a doctor told the scientific journal Science, "It was just a matter of time."
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选项
答案I. Introduction; human cloning and the reaction A. Fantastic news B. Thesis: The technology has sparked a storm of controversy. II. Reactions from different circles A. Condemnation from the Vatican B. Criticism from a German magazine C. Disagreement from American sociologists Ⅲ. The technology of cloning A. The technology already used in livestock for over a decade B. The process of creating human embryos IV. Unsettling possibilities and painful issues A. Indefinite identical siblings B. Identical children of different ages C. Identical children in other families as a result of selling embryos D. Woman giving birth to her own twin E. Uncertain rights of parents and meaning of individuality V. The prospects of the technology A. Continuing experiments in the U. S. . B. Possible commercial use in the U. S. soon
解析     这是一篇关于克隆的文章。首先来一段一段地分析。
    第一段：新闻播音员说科学家已经在克隆人类方面实现重大突破。
    但是当这个说法变成现实的时候，这种技术却在世界范围内引起了巨大的争议。
    (1)make a breakthrough实现重大突破
    (2)split single human embryos into identical copies
    分离人类的胚胎成为完全相同的复制品
    (3)spark a storm of controversy
    引起巨大的争议
    第二段：主要讲到了不同群体对于这一技术的反应，主要提到了三个群体。梵蒂冈谴责这一技术是邪恶的；一家德国杂志认为这项研究是不道德的；美国的社会学家在是否应该把这一技术应用于不能生育的夫妻这一问题上不能达成一致。couples incapable of having children不能生育小孩的夫妻
    第三段：主要讲到这个消息让人们开始想知道这项技术到底是怎样的。然后介绍了克隆的过程。其实，科学家只是将已经在家畜身上试验了20多年的技术进一步扩大。医生用试管繁殖技术在实验室造了17个胚胎，当胚胎长到有28个细胞的时候，实验者把他们分离成48个细胞，其中的2个几天后存活了下来，渐渐长成比针头还小一些的胚胎。
    (1)separate them into…分离
    (2)the head of pin针头
    第四段：讲到尽管还没有伟大的技术成就，但这一成果已经提供了一系列的猜测。例如，父母可以将胚胎移植到母亲的子宫内，不定期地储藏兄弟姊妹。这个闲置的胚胎可以在以后被移植，创造一个家庭，成员是具有不同年龄的一模一样的孩子。胚胎还可以卖给其他的家庭。甚至一个女人可以想象利用胚胎生一个自己的双胞胎妹妹。
    (1)a range of一系列的
    (2)give birth to赋予……生命
    第五段：这样的情况引起了关于父母权利和独立个体的意义的痛苦的讨论。_些社会学家认为父母有权利使用他们的胚胎，即使是去创造一个与自己不同时出生的双胞胎。但也有人担心这样会改变一个独立个体的意义，特别是那些年轻的双胞胎不得不去看他们年老的版本。
    have the right to do有权利做……
    第六段：讲到在争议中，有一件事是确定的，那就是这项试验将继续进行下去。德国禁止这一试验的进行，然而在美国，这一试验在没有联邦政府管理的情况下进行着，但是实验者必须得到医院董事会的允许。没有联邦政府的监督，医院出于竞争的目的，为了吸引病人，不久就会应用这一技术。正如一个医生所说，这只是一个时间问题。可见该段可以分为两个方面。第一，试验将在美国继续进行。第二，这项技术不久可能在美国被应用于商业。
    (1)amid the controversy在争议中
    (2)It was just a matter of time．这只是个时间问题。
    通过上文的分析，可以很容易理出文章的层次。除第四和五段合并成一个层次以外，其他的段落独自成为一个层次。第四和五段合并，因为这两段都是讲的关于克隆技术不确定的可能性和棘手的结果。第四段提到了四个方面，而第五段提到一个方面，就是关于父母的权利和独立个体的意义的问题。
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