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  3. Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing

Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing

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问题     Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world’ population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
    But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we start valuing water more than we have in the past, just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil Crisis. Today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
    Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
    Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.
    No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. (289 words)
As indicated in the passage, the water problem______.
选项 A、is already serious in certain parts of the world
B、has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C、poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D、is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
答案A
解析 本题属于细节判断题。选项B不正确，因为专家们并没有夸张。如果不重视水资源的价值，不有效地利用它，肯定有一天会面临危机的。第三、四段谈到政府应采取的一些措施，与选项D所述无关。选项C文中并未涉及。而在文章开头，作者就提到“Yet oecurrenees of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distressing in some areas”，故正确答案为A。
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