2. 考研
  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)

    A common problem in human relations is the lack of assertiveness in other words, the inability to express yourself and claim your rights without violating the fights of others. Do not confuse assertiveness with aggressiveness. (41)______.
    Learning to communicate assertively involves learning to be honest, open and direct. You can learn to speak up, make requests, ask for favors and accept compliments, and also to express negative thoughts (complaints, resentment, criticism, disagreement), reject intimidation, refuse requests, and demand to be left alone. (42)______.
    In most cultures higher status has traditionally been given to the masculine gender. Over the centuries, women in many societies learned to remain non-assertive, to stay out of the public eye, to keep their voices down, to be discreet and indirect, not to push, and in the end not even to dare to desire. The vast majority of opportunities for public influence—the ability to forge useful relationships other than friendship, speak up in public, create organizations, use force, and hold important positions in government, business, academia, and in the medical and legal field—were long recognized as men’s privilege and right.
    (43)______. Back in the 1960s modern feminists noted that most American women (and also a fair number of men) were unable to speak up for themselves in the workplace or in personal relationships; they needed help in learning to be assertive. To fill this gap in communication skills, certain colleges, mental health centers and private consultants began to hold "assertiveness training workshops". These early programs were often part of employer-sponsored professional development training that aimed, among other things, to make employees more effective in communicating with customers, with representatives of other firms and with each other.
    What does assertiveness training inculcate? The idea at its core is to stop being, or sounding, "wishy-washy". Do not apologize needlessly, make excuses, give long explanations or generally beat around the bush. Very often these weak communicative strategies cause the listener to receive a mixed, unclear or sometimes, just plain wrong message. Assertiveness trainers teach you to identify what is really important for you. Then you must work out in advance (if possible) the point you need to make and how best to make it. Deliver the message dearly and directly (but without memorizing sentences, never a good tactic).
    (44)______.
    Remember also that you axe entitled to your feelings. Your true feelings need no justification. However, at the same time, be a good listener listen more often than you speak. Also pay attention to your listener when you are speaking. Be positive. Notice and appreciate the efforts of others. Give credit where credit is due.
    You are being legitimately assertive when you stand up for your rights in such a way that the rights of others are not violated. Beyond just demanding your fights, you must learn that you can talk about yourself, your feelings, opinions and interests, without being self-conscious. You can accept compliments without embarrassment. You can ask for clarification. (45)______. After all, how does letting bad decisions go unchallenged contribute to making anything better?

A. Some people think that assertiveness training turns nice, accommodating people into complainers or calculating manipulators. Not so: it’s your right to protect yourself when something seems unfair. Only you know your true discomfort level and emotional needs. No one should be allowed to get away with presuming to think or feel for you.
B. Being aggressive is acting in a self-centered, inconsiderate, arrogantly demanding and hostile manner; this is often counterproductive, since many people react by shutting their minds to your ideas.
C. You can disagree with someone openly and say no to requests without feeling guilty. You can ask why and question authority, not in order to rebel, but to assume responsibility for your share in controlling a situation.
D. This situation began to change significantly in the West about two hundred years ago. Over the past 40 years, the US Congress has made numerous laws forbidding discrimination based on gender.
E. The fewer words you use, the greater will be the impact of what you say. Powerful people communicate succinctly and in measured tones, not stridently. Raising your voice makes you sound defensive and angry, not strong.
F. Underlying assertiveness training, obviously, is the belief that we are all created equal and should treat each other as equals. If you were taught as a child to assume that your perceptions, opinions, feelings and wants were less important than those of others, you can either go on behaving according to those assumptions or become an assertive adult.
G. Many people have difficulty saying "no" to requests or demands. Assertiveness training provides an antidote to fear, shyness, passivity and—ironically even anger, so there is a wide range of situations in which this training can be helpful.
选项
答案B
解析 文章开篇就提出：人际交往中的一个通病是缺乏果敢、自信—换句话说，也就是缺乏表达自身意见、主张自身权利、但还不冒犯他人权益的那种能力。紧接着，作者指出：不要把果敢自信与盛气凌人相混淆。这里他提到了一个新的概念aggressiveness。按照英文行文习惯，作者下一步应对aggressiveness做进一步阐释说明。选项B正是对aggressiveness做出的解释：盛气凌人的行事风格是以自我为中心，不为他人着想，傲慢地苛求别人，态度不友善，而那样做往往适得其反，因为很多人出于反感，会关闭心扉不睬你的想法。
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