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  3. What new research reveals about the adolescent brain. We ’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain developm

What new research reveals about the adolescent brain. We ’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain developm

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问题    What new research reveals about the adolescent brain. We ’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors. This emerging research shed light on a discovery that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence, brains are only about 80 percent of the way to maturity, it takes until the mid-20s, and possibly later, for a brain to become fully developed.
   An excess of gray matter (the stuff that does the processing) at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning, but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment. Our brains’ processing centers haven’t been fully linked yet, particularly the parts responsible for helping to check our impulses and considering the long-term repercussions of our actions.
   It’ s partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to think a harsh remark, or a biting insult, and so uninhibited in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target. Instead, the full developed brain regions of an adult might stop himself from saying something cruel.
   In a paper published last year, Dr. Jay Giedd, wrote that, gray-matter (the stuff that does the processing) volume peaks around or just before the beginning of puberty, and then continuously declines. In contrast, white matter (the stuff that helps connect areas of the brain) increases right up to, and beyond, the end of puberty.
   These adolescent brain developments don’t happen to all parts of the brain at the same time. "The order in which this maturation of connection goes, is from the back of the brain to the front of the brain," says Jensen. And one of the last parts to mature is the frontal lobe, a large area responsible for moderating reward, planning, impulsiveness, attention, acceptable social behavior, and other roles that are known as executive functions. Unfortunately, it’ s just these sorts of behaviors that teenage brains are not fully endowed to deal with—and the consequences are potentially fatal when it comes to high-risk behavior like drinking and driving.
   This blast of teen-brain change is compounded by profound social and psychological shifts. Of particular importance is that adolescence is the time when we develop stronger social connections with our peers. Healthy social relationships have a positive effect on how an adolescent navigates through a tumultuous period of life. But at the same time, this reliance on friends makes young people susceptible to the influence of peer pressure, even when it is indirect.
One of the most important discoveries in the adolescent brain is that______.
选项 A、it becomes fully developed
B、it is affected by environmental and genetic factors
C、it is sensitive to our environment
D、it remains immature until 25 later
答案D
解析 根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段。该段最后一句指出“最新研究发现少年的大脑只有80％是成熟的”，其完全的成熟应该在20岁中期，或者更晚才能完成，故D项“在二十五岁前不成熟”是对原文的同义转换。B项“受到环境和遗传因素的影响”，原文中提到受到环境和基因因素影响的是大脑的发展，并不是对有关青少年大脑的探讨。A项“充分发展”和C项“对我们的环境敏感”均不符合题意，故选D。
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