首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to cor
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to cor
admin
2011-01-02
51
问题
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to correct the problem.
Ⅰ. Effects of air pollution
1)Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways.
— Some individuals are more【1】______ to pollutants.
— Young children and elderly people suffer more.
— People with【2】______ suffer more.
2)The extent of air pollution effects on individuals depends on【3】______ to the damaging
chemicals.
3)Short-term effects
—【4】______ to the eyes, nose and throat
— upper respiratory infections
— headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions
4)Long-term effects
— chronic respiratory disease
— lung cancer
— heart disease
— damage to the brain, nerves, lives or kidneys
Ⅱ. Measure taken to control air pollution
1)The first step: assessment
— investigate outdoor air pollution
— develop standards for measuring the type and【5】______ of some air pollutants
— determine how much exposure to pollutants is【6】______
2)Steps to reduce exposure to air pollution
— outdoor air pollution
regulation of man-made pollution through【7】______ , which is usually done through a variety of【8】______ that monitor the air and the environment
prevention through regulation, and through personal, careful attention to【9】______ with the environment
— indoor air pollution
【10】______ to be reviewed for potential harmful effects
adequate ventilation
smoking to be restricted
【10】
Jazz
Jazz began in the early 20th century as a music of black Americans. It was intended for singing, dancing, and also for entertainment and atmosphere at parties or social gatherings.
The origin of the word "jazz" is not known, but the term came into common use after the first phonograph records of Jazz were made in 1917. Jazz represents a blending of musical elements from Africa and from Europe. Jazz uses some European ideas of harmony and melody, but the rhythms are more African in origin. It is usually said to be "syncopated", that is, it is irregular in rhythm. Besides this, there are many other rhythms in a piece of Jazz music around one basic rhythm. That is to say, it is polyrhythmic. Another important feature of jazz is improvisation. To improvise means to make something up on the impulse of the moment. This is the way jazz is usually played. Jazz musicians have learned to improvise so well that they can make up excellent melodies as they play. A good jazz soloist seldom plays anything the same way twice. Thus, listening to jazz is not like hearing a piece of music that was written long ago. It is like being there when the music is first being made.
A major step in the development of jazz was taken by the players in New Orleans. New Orleans jazz, sometimes called Dixieland, was a mixture of different elements. It had the deep emotion of American blues and Negro spiritual, as well as elements of European folk music. The New Orleans style involved improvising that was sometimes complex. Often seven or eight players would improvise at the same time. But the most notable new feature of New Orleans jazz was its more complicated rhythm.
In the 1940’s a new approach to jazz began to develop. It had been implied in the playing of Lester Young with the Count Basle band. Another important influence on early modern jazz was guitarist Charlie Christian, who. was strongly influenced by Lester Young. At first the new jazz was called bebop, and later, modern jazz. Many of the musical ideas of modern jazz were worked out at gatherings in which the players performed for their own amusement and instruction. Jazz musicians called these gatherings jam sessions. Modern jazz was more complex in harmony and melody than earlier styles of jazz. But a most outstanding feature was its new approach to rhythm. Not only did the players use new rhythms in making their melodies, but the drummers played in a more complex way.
By the late 1950’s many concert pieces had been written that included parts for jazz improvisation. These pieces usually took the form of a classical concerto with the jazzmen as soloists. Such works are referred to as parts of a "third stream" of music, the first two "!streams" of course being classical music and jazz.
Since the modern jazz of the 1940’s and 1950’s, jazz has taken another step in its development. This new development is something called "the new thing," or "free jazz." As in earlier major developments in jazz, "free jazz" is characterized by new freshness of rhythm. A whole group of players may change the tempo, or speed, of a piece several times during a performance without planning to do so beforehand. But this does not mean that the music is disorganized.
Now we can see that important changes in the development of jazz always include new. ideas of rhythm. The rhythm of New Orleans jazz was new, and so were the rhythm of modern jazz and free jazz. Louis Armstrong and Charlie Parker also brought new ideas of rhythm to jazz. Each style of jazz also had new ways of making melodies, new uses of harmony, and new ways of expressing emotion. Whenever a great player, such as Armstrong or Parker, appears, other players absorb his ideas. Each man then tries to develop those ideas in his own music, in his own way.
On its way of development, jazz has produced some of America’s leading singers, instrumentalists, and composers, It is continuing to develop. Today, jazz is considered by many to be America’s art music. It has also influenced almost every other kind of music in America, Europe and even the Orient.
选项
答案
tempo
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WneO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheChamberlain’sMen,inShakespeare’stime,werearemarkablegroupofpeople-excellent_____whowerealsobusinesspartnersa
Theofficialresidenceofthe_____isatnumber10DowningStreet,London.
Asignificantnumberofpeopleseektoadoptchildrenfromothercountries,aprocessknownasinternationaladoption.Peoplese
Becausecollegesanduniversitiesperformsuchawidevarietyofroles,someeducatorscomplainthattheirinstitutionsareexpe
1 OurheritageandourculturehavecausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegestur
A、Allmediapeopletrytobeobjective.B、Allpeoplehavesomeprejudice.C、UnlikeradioandTV,newspapersareimpersonal.D、Pe
DreamFunctions Dreamingisacommonphenomenon.Practicallyallpeopledream,althoughwhethertheycan【1】________themisa
1993年成立了西藏翻译工作者协会,并先后成立了拉萨市和日喀则地区分会;共举办了7期翻译培训班,培训337人次;1994年在西藏举办了全国第二次暨西藏首届藏语文翻译学术研讨会,并先后派人员参加了在北京、青海、甘肃、新疆等地举办的全国性翻译学术研讨会和在澳大
当前,世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展,科学技术突飞猛进,给亚洲的发展带来薪的机遇,也带来新的挑战。亚洲有49个国家和地区,大部分是发展中经济体。经济全球化,有利于它们更多地获得资金,尤其是跨国企业的投资,加快经济发展和结构调整,有利于它们更好地利用自身优势
随机试题
A.磁共振成像B.CT扫描C.骨ECTD.活检E.免疫组化鼻腔及鼻窦恶性肿瘤的最准确的诊断手段是
老年女性,突发右上腹疼痛,向肩部放散,发热、寒战。查体:T39℃,巩膜黄染,心肺未见异常,右上腹肌紧张,压痛,反跳痛。最可能的诊断是
A.身体无特殊不适而定期两个月来潮一次者 B.三个月来潮一次者 C.一年一行者 D.终生不潮而能受孕者 E.妊娠早期仍按月有少量阴道流血,但无损胎儿者“居经”指的是
[2012年第63题]下列哪类人员具有参加一级注册建筑师考试的资格?
背景资料:某施工单位承接了某高速公路路基H合同段工程施工,该区段设计车速100km/h,平均挖深19m,路基宽度26m,其中K20+300~K20+520为石质路堑。该区段岩石为石炭系硅质灰岩,岩石较坚硬,多为厚层构造,局部呈薄层状构造,裂隙发育
注册消防工程师职业道德原则的特点不包括()。
被审计单位在经营方面存在的可能导致对持续经营假设产生重大疑虑的事项或情况主要包括()。
“字字写来都是血,十年辛苦不寻常”和“文不甚深,言不甚俗”分别讲的是中国古典文学中的()。
知识产权一般都具有法定的保护期限,一旦保护期限届满,权力将自行终止,成为社会公众可以自由使用的知识。(11)受法律保护的期限是不确定的,一旦为公众所熟悉,即成为公众可以自由使用的知识。
Assuburbsgrew,businessesmovedintothenewareas.Largeshoppingcentrescontainingagreatkindofstoreschangedcon-
最新回复
(
0
)