2. 外语
  3. Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat(adipose tissue)beyond what is considered normal for a person’s age, sex ,

Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat(adipose tissue)beyond what is considered normal for a person’s age, sex ,

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问题     Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat(adipose tissue)beyond what is considered normal for a person’s age, sex , and body type. In today’s society obesity is considered as a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism , or the result of taking medications, such as steroids, that can cause weight gain.
    The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as it has to pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result, the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis(because of the extra weight placed on joints), gout, bone and joint diseases(including ruptured intervertebral discs), varicose veins, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate.
    Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twice as likely to die of endometrial cancer, and those who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, cervix, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers of the rectum, colon, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and prostate.
    Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness, failure, or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression.
    Scientific evidence has found an association between MBI(body-mass index)and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linking overweight and death are inconclusive, while other researchers have found that losing weight may be riskier than dangers posed by extra pounds. Some researchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300, 000 deaths a year.
    A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adults have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily, so when the diet ends, weight gain resumes.
According to the passage, ______.
选项 A、medications such as steroids are often related to obesity
B、obesity does not affect a person’s chances of getting cancer
C、a diagnosis of obesity is based on a normal weight for one’s age and sex
D、obesity is becoming less of a problem in today’s society
答案C
解析 诊断肥胖要以标准体重为根据，考虑年龄和性别因素。根据第一段第一句，人们一般给肥胖下这样定义：积累的脂肪超过与一个人的年龄、性别和体型相适应的正常值。
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