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  3. Once upon a time, staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spe

Once upon a time, staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spe

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问题     Once upon a time, staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spend more than you earned. Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.
    To stay a healthy weight, you need a hormone called leptin to work properly It sends "I’m full" messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine. Obese people produce plenty of leptin, but the brain doesn’t seem to respond to it properly Last year, researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits were underactive. They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.
    There’s a lot of evidence for the fact that most, if not all, of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos, but anything beyond that is a real struggle. Making changes is hard, particularly if your body is working against you. So why not ditch the traditional approaches and try some new methods, based on the latest research, that work with your body rather than against it.
    Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet. The same goes for humans, according to Dr. James Johnson.
    How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also trigger hormonal changes. Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.
    Older dieters may remember something called brown fat. Unlike the undesirable white stuff, this was a dieter’s dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm—at least in mice. Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn’t find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England Journal of Medicine, it’s back in fashion. The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures. They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.
According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,______.
选项 A、overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amount
B、overweight people enjoy eating more than the others do
C、people will become overweight if they eat more than they need
D、people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin
答案A
解析 第二段说想要保持正常的体重，我们体内一种叫做瘦素的激素必须正常工作。肥胖的人能够分泌大量的瘦素，但是他们的大脑却无法对这些瘦素做出正常的反应。最后两句说俄勒冈研究所的研究人员对一些肥胖人士的大脑进行了扫描，发现他们的奖励线路不够活跃，他们需要比别人多吃才能得到同样的愉悦感受。也就是说他们跟别人吃同样多的食物时得到的快乐会比别人少。
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