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  3. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them

admin2019-08-08  53
问题    Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them to wheel chairs. In the end, typically when they are in their 20s, it kills them. 【F1】Patients and parents are understandably thrilled, therefore, at the decision taken by America’s drug agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to approve the first treatment for such disease. No one could fail to be moved by their campaign to win approval. At an FDA meeting this year one sufferer pleaded: "please don’t let me die early."
   Nonetheless, the decision bodes ill for drug discovery in America. Sarepta Therapeutics, the firm behind the drug, did not meet the usual standards for approval to market it. Staff at the FDA’s drug-evaluation division are skeptical about the efficacy of its drug. They argue that the clinical evidence before them involved a flawed experiment on only 12 patients. But the division’s director overruled them. The FDA has asked Sarepta to conduct further trials to confirm that its drug works.
   Shareholders in Sarepta do not have to wait that long to reap the benefits. After the news of the approval broke, the firm’s share price rose from $28 to $49. On September 28th a health insurer announced that it would pay for the drug in certain cases. The treatment will not come cheap: its gross annual cost could be as much as $665,600 per patient. Politicians have been urging the FDA to be more responsive to the needs of patients; 【F2】the families of patients did what anyone would, given the choice between the certainty of a bad outcome and the possibility of a better one, and campaigned for treatments to come to market. 【F3】The drug was approved under a special program that allows drugs to go on sale more quickly when they treat grave conditions with unmet needs. But that should not mean that standards for clinical trials are watered down.
   【F4】The pact between drug makers and society is that innovative drugs win market exclusivity as a reward for the money that has been spent developing them. Weakening the FDA’s standards for approval has two harmful effects. First, it creates an incentive for meaningless innovation. Second, it passes more of the risk involved in drug development to consumers and taxpayers. 【F5】In the future the FDA ought to stick to the clear standard that has served it well for decades: do not approve a drug unless it has been shown to work.
【F5】
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答案未来，食品和药品监督管理局应该坚持那个为它好好服务了几十年的清晰标准：除非证明药物有效，否则不要批准该药物上市。
解析 ①本句为主从复合句，包含一个定语从句，一个祈使句和一个条件状语从句。②句首in the future作时间状语成分，意为“将来，未来”。that引导的定语从句修饰中心词standard；其中it指代的是the FDA“食品药品监督管理局”，其后的for decades作时间状语成分，意为“几十年”。③冒号后面是祈使句，省略了主语the FDA。句末的unless引导的条件状语从句，说明除非已经证明药物有功效，否则该药物不能获批上市，该从句中it指代的是a drug。
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