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  3. Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is still a significant factor in all body language

Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is still a significant factor in all body language

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问题     Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is still a significant factor in all body languages. This is particularly true of personal space needs. For example, Dr. Edward Hall has shown that in Japan crowding together is a sign of warm and pleasant intimacy. In certain situations, Hall believes that the Japanese prefer crowding.
    Donald Keene, who wrote Living Japan, notes the fact that in the Japanese language there is no word for privacy. Still this does not mean there is no concept of the need to be apart from others. To the Japanese, privacy exists in terms of his house. He considers this area as his own, and he dislikes invasion of it. The fact that he crowds together with others does not contradict his needs for living space.
    Dr. Hall sees this as a reflection of the Japanese concept of space. Westerners, he believed, see space as the distance between objects; to them space is empty. The Japanese, on the other hand, see space as having as much meaning as their flower arrangement and art, and the shape of their gardens as well, where units of space balance the areas containing flowers or plants.
    Like the Japanese, the Arabs too prefer to be close to one another. But while in public they are crowded together, in privacy, they prefer a great deal of space. The traditional or wealthy Arab house is large and empty, with family often crowded together in one small area of it. The Arabs do not like to be alone, and even in their spacious houses they will huddle together. The difference between the Arab huddling and the Japanese crowding is a deep thing. The Arabs like to touch his companion. The Japanese, in their closeness, preserve a formality and a cool dignity. They manage to touch and still keep rigid boundaries. The Arabs push these boundaries aside.
    Along with this closeness, there is a pushing and shoving in the Arab world that many Westerners find uncomfortable, even unpleasant. To an American, for example, there are personal boundaries even in a public place. When he is waiting in line, he believes that his place there is his alone, and may not be invaded by another. The Arab has no concept of privacy in a public place, and if he can push his way into a line, he feels perfectly within his rights to do so. To an American, the body is sacred; he dislikes being touched by a stranger, and will apologize if he touches another accidentally. To an Arab, bodily contact is accepted.
    Hall points out that an Arab needs at times to be alone, no matter how close he wishes to be, physically, to his fellow men. To be alone, he simply cuts off the lines of communication. He retreats into himself, mentally and spiritually, and this withdrawal is respected by his companions. If an American were with an Arab who withdrew in this way, he would regard it as impolite, as lack of respect, even as an insult.
The Arabs and the Japanese differ in that________.
选项 A、the Japanese keep their closeness within limits while the Arabs don’t
B、the Arabs like to touch their companions but the Japanese don’t
C、the Arabs require more space in privacy than the Japanese
D、the Japanese do not mind being alone while the Arabs do
答案A
解析 文章第四段的第七句至第九句说到日本人之间的亲近保持着一定的距离，存在严格的界限，而阿拉伯人则完全将界限撇在一边，因此选项A属于相同含义，是正确答案。选项B属于正反混淆，第四段第八句称日本人也有肢体接触(manage to touch)，但会保持严格的界限，因此该选项“日本人不喜欢与同伴接触”与原文事实相反。选项C“在个人隐私方面，阿拉伯人比日本人需要更多的空间”，原文并没有对两者进行明确比较，因此属于主观推导。选项D“日本人并不介意独处，但是阿拉伯人介意”，定位到文章第六段第一句，原文明确指出阿拉伯人也需要独处时间，因此该选项属于正反混淆。
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