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  3. Many leadership theories have provided evidence that leaders affect group success rather than the success of particular individu

Many leadership theories have provided evidence that leaders affect group success rather than the success of particular individu

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问题 Many leadership theories have provided evidence that leaders affect group success rather than the success of particular individuals. So it is irrelevant to analyze the effects of supervisor traits on the attitudes of individuals whom they supervise. Instead, assessment of leadership effectiveness should occur only at the group level.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
选项 A、Whether supervisors’ documentation of individual supervisees’ attitudes toward them is usually accurate
B、Whether it is possible to assess individual supervisees’ attitudes toward their supervisors without thereby changing those attitudes
C、Whether any of the leadership theories in question hold that leaders should assess other leaders’ attitudes
D、Whether some types of groups do not need supervision in order to be successful in their endeavors
E、Whether individuals’ attitudes toward supervisors affect group success
答案E
解析 Argument Evaluation
Situation Many leadership theories have provided evidence that leaders affect the success of groups but not of individuals.
Reasoning What would be most helpful to know in order to evaluate how well the stated fact supports the conclusion that leadership effectiveness should be assessed only at the group level without considering supervisors’ influence on the attitudes of the individuals they supervise? Even if leaders do not affect the success of the individuals they lead, they might still affect those individuals’ attitudes. And those attitudes in turn might affect group success. If so, the argument would be weak. So any evidence about the existence or strength of these possible effects in the relationship between supervisors and their supervisees would be helpful in evaluating the argument.
A How accurately supervisors document their supervisees’ attitudes is not clearly relevant to how much the supervisors affect those attitudes, nor to how much the attitudes affect group success.
B Even if assessing supervisees’ attitudes would in itself change those attitudes, the person doing the assessment might be able to predict this change and take it into account. Thus, considering individual supervisees’ attitudes might still be worthwhile.
C The argument is not about interactions among leaders, but rather about interactions between supervisors and supervisees.
D The argument is not about groups without supervisors, or whether certain groups might be effective without a supervisor, but rather about how to assess the effectiveness of supervisors in groups that do have them.
E Correct. As explained above, if individual supervisees’ attitudes affect group success, the argument would be weak. And probably individual supervisees’ attitudes toward their supervisors are influenced by those supervisors. So knowing whether individual attitudes toward supervisors affect group success would be helpful in evaluating the argument
The correct answer is E.
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