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  3. In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

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问题     In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity(紧缩)programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.
    In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
    President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid(杂交)grain, and fertilizers.
The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was______.
选项 A、to increase farm production
B、to establish agricultural laws
C、to prevent farmers from going bankrupt
D、to promote the mechanization of agriculture
答案C
解析 本题问在20世纪20年代美国政府在农业领域首要关注的是什么。文章第2段及第3段都涉及了政府对农业采取的措施。第2段第2句话谈到要建立直接干预供给和需求的政策，并要建立第一个全国性的委员会为农民提供更大的经济稳定性。第3段谈到了后来继任总统采取的各种具体措施，诸如给予农业部长一种权力，他可以通过与农民订立自愿的协议，农民让土地休耕而政府付给他们钱进行补偿。从这些事实可推断，美国政府首要关注的是防止农民破产。
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