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  3. When a company unexpectedly finds itself losing market share and taking a beating at the hands of its competitors, it’s a clear

When a company unexpectedly finds itself losing market share and taking a beating at the hands of its competitors, it’s a clear

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问题     When a company unexpectedly finds itself losing market share and taking a beating at the hands of its competitors, it’s a clear signal that a change is needed. For a variety of reasons, any company can suddenly lose the competitive advantage that it previously enjoyed. The mark of a strong business, however, is its ability to overcome such setbacks and reclaim its position as the front runner in its field.
    One of the greatest variables in the process, however, is technology, which on one hand makes businesses more efficient and thus profitable than previously thought possible, but changes at such a rapid pace that few businesses utilize it to its full potential. Those companies that invest heavily in the latest technology of the day may find their machines outdated and obsolete the next year, thus losing the advantage that they hoped to gain, and also a substantial amount of investment money as well. Those who are more cautious and buy less of the latest gadgetry may learn that technology changes more slowly, and their competitors who invested more heavily now hold the upper hand. It’s a game of hit and miss.
    Because of the uneven and unpredictable pace of progress between technological fields, companies are devoting more and more resources to not only acquiring more of the latest developments, but researching the factors that determine their production so as to position themselves better to adapt to the next change. This strategy has been producing positive results for those who employ it, but it is a massively expensive one, limiting its viability to only the largest companies, who are already enjoying many advantages in the market.
    Such dynamics make it increasingly difficult for new startup companies to break into established markets, lacking the funding and cash reserves necessary to play the game the same way as the big boys do. The same technology that keeps the large companies on top, however, can still topple them. New, smaller companies have less to lose and thus can afford to gamble on new technologies that larger companies consider too risky to devote themselves to. In the rare occurrences when these risky endeavors bear fruit, proving themselves to be the way of the future, the rewards to those daring enough, or small enough, to invest in them prove well worth the effort.
In paragraph 2, "It’s a game of hit and miss. " means that______.
选项 A、the key to succeeding is to invest in the correct technology
B、investments in new technologies most often result in loss
C、those who invest in the latest technologies employ great risk
D、investing in the new technology is unpredictable and difficult
答案D
解析 属信息推断题。It’s a game of hit and miss．在第二段最后一句，字面意思是“这是一种要么打中要么打不中的游戏”。由其所在的上下文来看，显然，本句是对上文的总结、归纳。上文提到：技术一方面可使企业更高效，获利更多，但这么快速的技术变化使得绝大部分企业难以充分发挥技术的作用。那些投巨资追赶最新技术的企业会发现很快不仅失去了预期要取得的技术优势，还损失了一大笔资金。由此可知，投资新技术很难，其结果难以预测；这是一种时输时赢，难以预料的游戏(It’s a game of hit and miss．)。因此，选项D正确。其他选项都推理有误。
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