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  3. On Thursday night, The New York Times published an interview with Elon Musk that offers a view into the billionaire entrepreneur

On Thursday night, The New York Times published an interview with Elon Musk that offers a view into the billionaire entrepreneur

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问题     On Thursday night, The New York Times published an interview with Elon Musk that offers a view into the billionaire entrepreneur’s life in the last year. Musk choked up " multiple times," the Times reported in the story, and "alternated between laughter and tears. " He explained that he was overworked at Tesla, his electric-car company—which has spent the past several months scrambling to meet ambitious production goals—and that the situation has taken a toll on his physical health, family time, and social life.
    The interview crystallized the incipient narrative that not all has been well in the state of Musk this year. The first hint of trouble came in May, when Musk berated investors on a Tesla earnings call for asking "boring, bonehead questions. " Then came his war with the press over news coverage of Tesla, and then his attack on a cave diver who had criticized Musk’s attempts to aid in the rescue of a soccer team in Thailand. And then, earlier this month, he floated the idea of converting Tesla into a private company, a suggestion that has reportedly prompted an investigation by federal securities regulators.
    Self-reflection, vulnerability, acknowledgment of the effects of work on one’s well-being—these are admirable qualities in a leader of any company. And it is important, in a culture that too often rewards work at the expense of well-being, to discuss openly the often unsustainable results of that culture. But as I watched the responses to Musk’s tell-all roll in, I tried to imagine what would happen if a female CEO of a major company gave a similar interview. How would she be perceived?
    Both men and women take a risk when they reveal stressors or struggles, but their candor doesn’t usually garner the same reaction. For women, the risks of being open are far greater, and they can manifest in tangible ways.
    " Women incur social and economic penalties for expressing masculine-typed emotions because they violate proscriptions against dominance for women. At the same time, when women express female-typed emotions, they are judged as overly emotional and lacking emotional control, which ultimately undermines women’s competence and professional legitimacy," according to the Handbook on Weil-Being of Working Women, a collection of research and literature on the topic.
The underlined part "has taken a toll on" most probably means______.
选项 A、has a bad effect on
B、has improved
C、has worsened
D、has disturbed
答案A
解析 语义理解题。要理解这个短语的意思，首先找到这句话的位置，在第一段最后，然后分析上下文，前面出现了很多提示，比如说马斯克哽咽，说自己工作过度，因此这里的意思可以通过猜测得知，最贴切的应该是[A]。[B]意思反了，[C]“加重”，文中没有提到，[D]也不准确，因此应该选择[A]。
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