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  3. (1) Youngsters have long crossed borders in search of an education. More than 2,000 years ago the Roman poet Horace went to Athe

(1) Youngsters have long crossed borders in search of an education. More than 2,000 years ago the Roman poet Horace went to Athe

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问题    (1) Youngsters have long crossed borders in search of an education. More than 2,000 years ago the Roman poet Horace went to Athens to join Plato’s Academy. Oxford University admitted its first known international student, Emo of Friesland, in 1190. Today more than 4. 5m students are enrolled in colleges and universities outside their own countries. Their fees subsidise local students. Their ideas broaden and enliven classroom debate. Most go home with happy memories and valuable contacts, making them more likely in later life to do business with the country where they studied. Those who stay on use what they have learned to make themselves and their hosts wealthier, by finding work as doctors, engineers or in some other skilled career.
   (2) Immigration policy is hard: Europe is tying itself in knots over how many Syrian refugees to admit. But the question of whether to welcome foreign students ought to be much easier. They more than pay their way. They add to the host country’s collective brainpower. And they are easy to assimilate (同化). Indeed, for ageing rich countries seeking to import young workers to plug skills gaps and prop up wobbly pension systems, they are ideal. A foreign graduate from a local university is likely to be well-qualified, fluent in the local lingo (语言) and at ease with local customs. Countries should be vying to attract such people.
   (3) Places with the good fortune to speak English have a gigantic head start (领先优势). Australia is the leader: a quarter of its tertiary students come from abroad, a bigger share than in any other country. Education is now its biggest export, after natural resources. For a while the influx of brainy foreigners was slowed by an overvalued currency and the reputational damage from the collapse of some badly run private colleges. But recently the Australian dollar has weakened, degree mills (野鸡大学) have been shut down, visa rules have been relaxed—and foreign students have flooded back. Last year their numbers rose by 10% .
   (4) Canada, until recently an also-ran, now emulates Oz. In 2014 it set a goal of almost doubling the number of foreign students by 2022. It has streamlined visa applications and given international students the right to stay and work for up to three years after graduating. Those who want to make Canada their home have a good chance of being granted permanent residence. Its share of the market for footloose students is growing, and numbers have more than doubled in a decade.
   (5) America, by contrast, is horribly complacent. In absolute terms, it attracts the most foreign students, thanks to its size, its outstanding universities and the lure of Silicon Valley and other brainworking hotspots. But it punches far below its weight: only 5% of the students on its campuses are foreign. Its visa rules are needlessly strict and stress keeping out terrorists rather than wooing (招揽) talent. It is hard for students to work, either part-time while studying or for a year or two after graduation. The government wants to extend a scheme that allows those with science and technology qualifications to stay for up to 29 months after graduating. But unions oppose it, claiming that foreign students undercut their members’ wages. One that represents high-tech workers in Washington state has filed a court challenge, seeking to have the scheme axed.
   The self-harming state
   (6) Britain is even more reckless. It, too, has the huge advantages of famous universities and the English language. But its government has pledged to reduce net immigration to 100,000 people a year, and to this end it is squeezing students. Applying for a student visa has grown slower and costlier. Working part-time to pay fees is harder. And foreign students no longer have the right to stay and work for two years after graduation. Britain’s universities are losing market share: their foreign enrolments are flat even as their main rivals’ are growing strongly.
   (7) Sajid Javid, Britain’s business secretary, says the aim is to "break the link" between studying and immigration. This is precisely the wrong approach. For a country that wants to recruit talented, productive immigrants, it is hard to think of a better sifting process than a university education. Welcoming foreign students is a policy that costs less than nothing in the short term and brings huge rewards in the long term. Hence the bafflement of James Dyson, a billionaire inventor, who summed up Britain’s policy thus: "Train’em up. Kick’em out. It’s a bit shortsighted, isn’t it?"
Which of the following countries intends to change its visa policy to retain talented overseas students?
选项 A、Australia.
B、Canada.
C、America.
D、Britain.
答案C
解析 细节题。原文第五段第六句提到，美国政府想要延长一项计划里的签证，允许有科技专业学历的外国学生毕业后留美时间最长为29个月，由此可知，美国打算改变签证政策来挽留有才华的留学生，故答案为[C]。第三段第五句表明澳大利亚的签证规定已放宽，第四段第三句指出加拿大已简化签证申请，这两个国家都是已经对签证政策做出了改变，而不是打算修改，故排除[A]、[B]；原文只在第六段第四句提到申请英国的学生签证已变得越来越慢，并未提及英国是否要修改其签证政策，故排除[D]。
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