2. 医学
  3. Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

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问题 Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
    人类的健康一直取决于人类与环境的关系。人类，像其他动物一样，不断被环境中对其起作用的自然力量改变着，而人类又不断地改变着环境。与其他生命形式——从鲸鱼到微小的病毒——为伴的人类只是动态系统中的一部分。在这个动态系统中，人类不断地同周围世界交换着物质与能量。例如，人类从环境中摄取固体、液体及气体物质，并向环境中排放固体、液体及气体废物。除此之外，我们甚至发明了同样与周围环境交换物质与能量的机器。在生命过程中，生物体可以进入我们的机体，有些对我们的生理功能是有益的，而另一些可引起疾病。另外，我们既可以获益于，也可以受难于世界上的非生物力量。所有这些与环境的相互作用都与我们和总环境的关系相关。对于那些负责保护环境和美化环境的人来说，广义的人类环境是至关重要的。绝对不能忽视的是分析证明人民大众的健康是保护环境最关键的原因。但是在为保护环境而保护环境的压力下，这一点常常被忽视。另一方面，公共卫生工作者本身必须尽力避免制定或采取一些狭隘的、环境尚欠考虑的或过时的措施、计划和行动，因为对人类健康造成危害的现在和潜在的外部因素决不是仅与水、空气和垃圾中的某一特定功能因素相关的、固定不变的孤立现象。不能否认，过去人们面临那些大规模流行，表面上看存在着简单的、特定的因果关系的疾病时，采取的一些方法曾取得过很大成果。不幸的是，这种观点对于多因素疾病来说是极不恰当的。因为疾病主要起因于越来越复杂的环境变化。这种做法忽视了整个人类和整个环境之间关系的极端复杂性。
    正如动物一样，人类除身体和智力方面比较发达以外，并无特别之处。我们的现实环境是一个囊括物质和生命的王国，以及由我们非凡的智力所造就的文化环境的多因素体系。因此人类机体既可被看作是环境的生物物理学的组成部分，同时也是社会文化的组成部分。整个人体和整个环境之间的这些关系是动态的。任何一方均可侵犯另一方，反过来每一方又可对对方的侵犯作出反应。为满足我们的生物、文化及独一无二的技术需要，我们大胆地、不断地改变着自然形成的环境，并创造出崭新的环境。人类对环境的这种改变常常是不协调的，没有考虑全面或最终结果。
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答案 Human health has always been dependent on our relationship with our environment. Humans, like other animals, are constantly transformed by natural forces in the environment that act on them, and they in turn continuously transform their environment. Humans are part of a dynamic system in which they continuously interchange matter and energy with the world about them. It must never be ignored that in the final analysis, concern for the public’s health is the paramount reason for environmental action. On the other hand, public health workers themselves must be careful to avoid instituting or perpetuating actions or programs that are too narrow, environmentally ill-advised, or outdated. Our environment in reality is a multifaceted system that encompasses the physical and biotic realms and the cultural setting fashioned by our unusual cerebral capabilities. The interrelations between the total person and the total environment are dynamic. Each makes aggressions on the other. Each in turn responds to these aggressions. To support our biologic, cultural, and uniquely technologic needs, we boldly and continuously alter the naturally occurring environment and create ever new environments. Often this is done with inconsistency and without thought o the total or ultimate consequences.
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