首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It began with some marsh/mallows(棉花软糖). In the 1960s Walter Mischel, a psychologist then working at Stanford University, started
It began with some marsh/mallows(棉花软糖). In the 1960s Walter Mischel, a psychologist then working at Stanford University, started
admin
2016-03-08
26
问题
It began with some marsh/mallows(棉花软糖). In the 1960s Walter Mischel, a psychologist then working at Stanford University, started a series of experiments on young children. A child was left alone for 15 minutes with a marshmallow or similar treat, with the promise that, if it remained uneaten at the end of this period, a second would be added. Some of the children, who were aged four or five at the time, yielded to temptation before time was up. Others resisted, and held out for the reward.
Dr. Mischel then followed the children’s progress as they grew up. Those who had resisted, he found, did better at school than those who had given in. As adults they got better jobs, were less likely to use drugs and got into trouble with the law less frequently. Moreover, children’s family circumstances suggested that impulsive behavior was as much learned as inherited. This suggested that it could be unlearned—improving the child in question’s chances in life.
Study after study has confirmed Dr. Mischel’s insight. However, recent observations, however, raise the possibility that developing self-control is not always an unalloyed(纯粹的)good.
Work published two years ago by Gene Brody of the University of Georgia, who looked at a group of young black Americans, showed that those who exhibited self-control as teenagers did indeed get the expected benefits. But if such self-controllers came from deprived backgrounds, they developed higher blood pressure, were more likely to be obese and had higher levels of stress hormones than their less-setf-controlled peers. That correlation did not apply to people who started farther up the social ladder.
Dr. Brody and his colleagues have followed this study with one that comes to an equally astonishing conclusion: for people born at the bottom of the social heap, self-control speeds up the process of ageing.
Dr. Brody and his colleagues followed almost 300 black American teenagers of different backgrounds as they aged from 17 to 22. For the first few years the researchers assessed their volunteers’ levels of self-control, and also looked for signs of depression, aggression and drug use. They assessed, too, those volunteers’ socioeconomic backgrounds. But the last examination, when participants were 22 years old, was different. Then, the researchers took a blood sample, recorded the DNA-methylation(DNA甲基化)patterns of cells in it, and worked out how much these deviated from the pattern expected at that particular age. As the study shows, for people from high-status backgrounds, higher self-control meant lower cellular ages. For those whose background was low-status, the reverse was true.
Dr. Brody’s findings are both intriguing and worrying. The research into gene methylation suggests changing methylation patterns are a common response to changing circumstances as well as changing age, as the body’s physiology struggles to keep up. Fortunately, people can change their circumstances in rational ways: the lesson of the marshmallows shows that. If Dr. Brody’s result is confirmed, the challenge it poses will be to work out how to avoid the adverse effects of self-control.
What can we know about Dr. Brody’s findings?
选项
A、They are out of the expectation of the researchers.
B、They reveal a connection between gene and age.
C、They contradict with the results of Mischel’s study.
D、They raise a new issue for research in the future.
答案
D
解析
事实细节题。定位句指出,如果布罗迪的研究结果得以证实,它所提出的挑战将会是寻找如何规避自控力负面影响的办法,可以说这个研究发现为未来提出了一个新的问题,故答案为D)。A)“它们出乎了研究者的预料”,之前的研究已经证实了发展自控力并不一定会为所有人带来益处,而是因社会背景而异,该研究只是从另一个侧面予以证实,并没有出乎研究者的预料,故可排除;B)“它们揭示了基因与年龄之间的关系”,由定位句可知,该研究发现的是自控力与年龄、社会背景的关系,只是通过基因进行观察,B)表述错误,故可排除;C)“它们与米歇尔的研究发现相矛盾”,米歇尔研究发现的是自控力与终身成就的关系,而布罗迪更多地关注了自控力发展与社会家庭背景的关系,角度不同,但并不矛盾,故可以排除C)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/azL7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Davidneedstobalancehistimewithasociallife.B、Davidisfallingbehindhisfriendsinschool.C、Davidisworkinghardu
A)Reduce,reuse,andrecycle.RecyclinghasbecomeapartofAmericanlife.Italsoisanimportantpartofthewaste-processing
A)Reduce,reuse,andrecycle.RecyclinghasbecomeapartofAmericanlife.Italsoisanimportantpartofthewaste-processing
A、Germany.B、England.C、Thailand.D、America.A细节题。由you’refromGermany可知罗宾逊先生是德国人,所以选A。
Homeschoolingisajointeffort.Eventheworkingfatherneedstobe【C1】______withtheteachingofchildren.I’vediscoveredo
Homeschoolingisajointeffort.Eventheworkingfatherneedstobe【C1】______withtheteachingofchildren.I’vediscoveredo
Homeschoolingisajointeffort.Eventheworkingfatherneedstobe【C1】______withtheteachingofchildren.I’vediscoveredo
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate【B1】______.It’smarket-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumersde
A、Astudentintheuniversity.B、Apolicemanwhochargesthiscase.C、Thepresidentoftheuniversity.D、Ateacherintheuniver
A、Atahotel.B、Atauniversity.C、Atamuseum.D、Atanewsconference.B推断题。对话讨论关于论文的要求,关键词“termpaper”,所以场景应在学校。因此,正确答案为B。
随机试题
酒精擦浴降温可增加皮肤的
下列有关含氯消毒剂的使用方法正确的是
下列的边坡极限平衡稳定计算方法中,()不适用于非圆弧滑裂面。
李某2009年12月从任职单位取得年终不含税奖金36000元,另外,当月工资薪金所得1800元。李某2009年应申报缴纳的个人所得税是()元。
纳税人购买自用的应税车辆的计税价格,为纳税人购买应税车辆而支付给销售者的全部价款和价外费用,不包括增值税税款。()
下列句子中,语意不明、存在语病的一句是()①“有偿新闻”应当受到严肃批评,这是极其错误的,至少可以举出三点。②公安局掌握着北平暗藏敌特的名单,优先抓捕这些暗藏的敌特,发现一个抓一个。③荆头山农场正确地对待用户批评,实事
社会主义和谐社会的主要特征包括()。
根据以下资料,回答下面小题。2012年,我国外贸进出口总值38667.6亿美元,比上年增长6.2%。其中出口20498.3亿美元,增长7.9%;进口18178.3亿美元,增长4.3%;贸易顺差2311亿美元,扩大48.1%。2012年,我国一般贸
一个盒子里有黑棋子和白棋子若干粒,若取出一粒黑子,则余下的黑子数与白子数之比为9:7,若放回黑子,再取出一粒白子,则余下的黑子数与白子数之比为7:5,那么盒子里原有的黑子数比白子数多:
Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear~self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudie
最新回复
(
0
)