2. 外语
  3. To understand why someone becomes an optimist or a pessimist, it helps to understand what distinguishes them. Say you crash your

To understand why someone becomes an optimist or a pessimist, it helps to understand what distinguishes them. Say you crash your

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问题    To understand why someone becomes an optimist or a pessimist, it helps to understand what distinguishes them. Say you crash your car. Do you expect good things to happen after the accident-- an easy recuperation(挽回损失), a fat check from your insurer? Or do you worry that your neck will hurt forever?
   "Optimistic people tend to feel that bad things won’ t last long and won’ t affect other parts of life, " Seligman says. Pessimists tend to believe one negative incident will last and undermine every thing else in their lives.
   Also important, researchers say, is the story you construct about why things happen -- your explanatory style. Optimists believe that bad events have temporary causes -- "The boss is in a bad mood. " Pessimists believe the cause is permanent -- The boss is a jerk. "
   This sense of control distinguishes one type from the other. Positive thinkers feel powerful. Negative thinkers, Seligman says, feel helpless because they have learned to believe they’ re doomed, no matter what. A young wife who’ s told she ’ s incapable of handling household finances might later become a divorce woman who can’ t balance a checkbook.
   Such learned helplessness causes much harm on health. Studies show that optimists are better at coping with the distress associated with everything from sore throat to heart surgery. Furthermore, scientists at U. C. L. A. discovered that optimists have more disease fighting T cells.
   Pessimists also don’ t believe in preventive care. Visit a doctor and you might find out you’ re sick! My father was rushed to the emergency room for medical conditions that would have been easily treatable if he’ d seen a doctor sooner.
"The boss is a jerk. " These words are used here to show ______.
选项 A、how some bosses act displeasingly
B、how optimists explain some bad events
C、how pessimists think about the unhappy things around them
D、how the writer suggests people should do when facing something unpleasant
答案C
解析 这句话在第三段。接上一段，这里还是在比较乐观者和悲观者的区别。这一段首先说乐观者会认为坏事情是暂时的，“老板心情不好”；作为与乐观者形成对比，作者又提到悲观者，他们认为“老板的性情古怪”。A项、B项和D项的内容文中都没有提到。
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