2. 外语
  3. Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These hab

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These hab

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问题     Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
    "There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits," said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."
    The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
    If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
    A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
    "Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns," said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable (可行的)."
    Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through cruel and endless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics (手段) have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap______.
选项 A、should be further cultivated
B、should be changed gradually
C、are deeply rooted in history
D、are basically private concerns
答案A
解析 根据题干中的Dr．Curtis和hand，soap将本题出处定位到第二段首句。该句提到，“现在仍然有一些像不用肥皂洗手这样重要的公共卫生问题，由于我们还想不出怎样改变人们的行为习惯，这些问题仍然在吞噬生命。”Curtis博士说。言外之意，Curtis博士认为像用肥皂洗手这样的习惯必须进一步培养，故答案为[A]。[B]是针对该句中的to change people’s habits设的干扰项，文中说的是改变不用香皂洗手的习惯，而非改变用香皂洗手的习惯，故排除文中未提到像这样的习惯是根植于历史的问题，故排除[C]; [D]与该句中的fundamental public health problems矛盾，故排除。
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