2. 考研
  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)

    It is hardly necessary to point out that we live in a world of increasing industrialization. While this process enables us to raise our standard of living at an ever-accelerating rate, it also leads to a corresponding growth of interdependence between the different regions of the world.
    (41)______.
    What, then, is to be done? Although it is difficult to know where to begin to deal with such a large subject, the first step is perhaps to consider the main economic difficulties an underdeveloped or emerging region has to face.
    (42)______. A number of quite common occurrences are therefore sufficient to cause immediate and serious interference with this export production: unfavorable weather conditions, plant or animal epidemics, the exhaustion of soil fertility or mineral deposits, the development of substitute products in the industrialized regions, etc. The sensitivity of the economy is greatly intensified in cases where exports are confined only to one or two products—"monocultures" as they are sometimes called.
    (43)______. This also applies to the manufactured goods required to provide their populations with the "necessities of life". This economic structure makes it difficult for them to avoid being politically dependent on the countries which absorb their exports and provide their essential imports.
    Since, under modern conditions, a rapid rise in population is a phenomenon closely associated with underdevelopment. This cause alone can subject the economy to severe and continuous stress.
    (44)______. In the first place, to set up modern industries necessitates capital on a large scale, which only industrialized regions are able to provide; secondly, they lack the necessary trained manpower; thirdly, their industries—when established—are usually not efficient enough to compete with foreign imports, and any restriction on these imports is likely to lead to counter-action against their own exports.
    From another point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are invariably political, educational, social and psychological obstacles which tend to interfere seriously with any measures taken to deal with the economic difficulties outlined above. (45)______.
    To conclude, it seems clear that if we are to succeed in solving the many inter-related problems of underdevelopment, only the fullest and most intelligent use of the resources of all branches of science will enable us to do so. (555 words)

Notes:
be orientated.., toward 被引导到......        monoculture单一作物耕作。

A. For example, the economies of such countries are orientated primarily toward the production of raw materials, i.e. agricultural and mineral products; these are then exported to the industrialized countries.
B. Given these conditions, it is easy to see that any permanent economic or political instability in one area is bound to have an increasingly serious effect upon the rest of the world. Since the main source of such instability is underdevelopment, it is clear that this now constitutes a problem of international dimensions.
C. As far as "necessities of life" are concerned, they represent a concept which: is continually being enlarged through the mass media of communication such as newspapers, films, the radio and advertising.
D. Although it is obvious that industrialization is the key to development, it is usually very difficult for emerging countries to carry out plans of this nature.
E. Being under-industrialized, these countries are largely dependent on imports to supply the equipment needed to produce the raw materials they export.
F. To consider only one point: it is obviously useless, to devote great efforts and expense to education, technical training and planning if, for psychological reasons, the population as a whole fails to turn theory into effective action.
G. This sudden increase in the population of the underdeveloped countries has come at a difficult time. Even if their population had not grown so fast they would have been facing a desperate struggle to bring the standard of living of their people up.

选项
答案F
解析 本题要求选择段落结尾句填入空白，使上下文连贯、一致。倒数第2段说："从另外一个观点来看，必须牢记，总是存在一些政治的、教育的社会的和心理的障碍，这些障碍往往严重地干扰了为解决上述种种经济困难所采取的任何措施"。这个句子起到承上启下的作用。它一方面总结归纳了4、5、6、7段的内容，即新兴国家遇到的各种经济困难，另一方面又是本段的主题句，而下一句是段落的扩展句。通过关键信息词"psychological"连结起来，以便保持逻辑上的一致性。然后与全文结论段相连结，保持了文章的完整性。
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