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  3. George Milner cites three primary problems with the labeling of Cahokia, the large archaeological site by the Mississippi River,

George Milner cites three primary problems with the labeling of Cahokia, the large archaeological site by the Mississippi River,

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问题     George Milner cites three primary problems with the labeling of Cahokia, the large archaeological site by the Mississippi River, as a state rather than a chiefdom. First, finds at Cahokia are essentially similar to finds at other Mississippian chiefdoms, except that the amount of earth moved in building the mounds at Cahokia was greater than elsewhere. Second, fewer people lived at Cahokia than is commonly estimated (Milner estimates that there were only a few thousand inhabitants, more common estimates are 10,000 or 20,000 inhabitants); therefore, extensive taxes, trade, and tribute were not necessary to support them. Finally, while there is evidence of extensive earth movement, craftwork, trade, and elite at Cahokia, this does not indicate that Cahokia was politically centralized, economically specialized, or aggressively expansionistic.
The passage implies that political centralization is a feature that
选项 A、has not historically tended to emerge in centers with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants
B、distinguished other Mississippian chiefdoms from Cahokia
C、is considered characteristic of state but not of chiefdoms
D、often results from aggressive expansionism and economic specialization
E、has historically been necessary for extensive trade to occur
答案C
解析 根据最后一句，之所以认为卡霍基亚不是国家，是因为卡霍基亚不具备政治集权的特征，由此可以推断出政治集权是国家该有的特征，所以选项C正确。
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