Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view? Please discuss the above question in relation to the basic principles

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问题 Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view? Please discuss the above question in relation to the basic principles of literary naturalism.

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答案A. The American naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin’ s evolutionary theory, and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. B. They believed that man’s instinct, the environment and other social and economic forces played an overwhelming role and man’ s fate is "determined" by such forces beyond his control.

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