首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
I aim to reveal in terms of a general theory of interpretation the typical situation in which a stranger finds himself in his at
I aim to reveal in terms of a general theory of interpretation the typical situation in which a stranger finds himself in his at
admin
2013-03-27
41
问题
I aim to reveal in terms of a general theory of interpretation the typical situation in which a stranger finds himself in his attempt to interpret the cultural pattern of a social group which he approaches and to orient himself within it. For our present purposes the term "stranger" shall mean an adult individual of our times and civilization who tries to be permanently accepted or at least tolerated by the group which he approaches. The outstanding example for the social situation under scrutiny is that of the immigrant, and the following analyses are, as a matter of convenience, worked out with this instance. But by no means is their validity restricted to this special case. The applicant for membership in a closed club, the prospective bridegroom who wants to be admitted to the girl’s family, the farmer’s son who enters college, the city-dweller who settles in a rural environment, the "selectee" who joins the Army, the family of the worker who moves into a boom town— all are strangers according to the definition just given, although in these cases the typical "crisis" that the immigrant undergoes may assume milder forms or even be entirely absent.
As a convenient starting point we shall investigate how the cultural pattern of group life presents itself to the common sense of a man who lives his everyday life within the group among his fellow-men. Following the customary terminology, we use the term "cultural pattern of group life" for designating all the peculiar valuations, institutions, and systems of orientation and guidance(such as the folkways, mores, laws, habits, customs, etiquette, fashions)which, in the common opinion of sociologists of our time, characterize—if not constitute—any social group at a given moment in its history. This cultural pattern, like any phenomenon of the social world, has a different aspect for the sociologist and for the man who acts and thinks within it. The sociologist(as sociologist, not as a man among fellow-men which he remains in his private life)is the disinterested scientific onlooker of the social world. He is disinterested in that he intentionally refrains from participating in the network of plans, means-and-ends relations, motives and chances, hopes and fears, which the actor within the social world uses for interpreting his experiences of it; as a scientist he tries to observe, describe, and classify the social world as clearly as possible in well-ordered terms in accordance with the scientific ideals of coherence, consistency, and analytical consequence.
The actor within the social world, however, experiences it primarily as a field of his actual and possible acts and only secondarily as an object of his thinking. In so far as he is interested in knowledge of his social world, he organizes this knowledge not in terms of a scientific system but in terms of relevance to his actions. This system of knowledge thus acquired—incoherent, inconsistent, and only partially clear, as it is—takes on for the members of the in-group the appearance of a sufficient coherence, clarity, and consistency to give anybody a reasonable chance of understanding and of being understood. Any member born or reared within the group accepts the ready-made standardized scheme of the cultural pattern handed down to him by ancestors, teachers, and authorities as an unquestioned and unquestionable guide in all the situations which normally occur within the social world. The knowledge correlated to the cultural pattern carries its evidence in itself—or, rather, it is taken for granted in the absence of evidence to the contrary. It is a knowledge of trustworthy recipes for interpreting the social world and for handling things and men in order to obtain the best results in every situation with a minimum of effort by avoiding undesirable consequences.
Why does the author use the word "peculiar" when describing the components of a "cultural pattern"?
选项
A、To point out the eccentricities of culture and tradition.
B、To say that the values of one culture are inferior to another.
C、To stress the importance of ritual and convention.
D、To reveal the outside perspective of an observer.
答案
D
解析
根据文中第二段的“Following the customary terminology,we use the term‘cultural pattern of group life’for designating all the peculiar valuations,institutions,and systems of orientation and guidance”可知,根据习惯用语,我们使用“群体生活的文化模式”这个词语来指明全部特有的评价、制度和导向系统。再根据文中的“The sociologist(as sociologist,not fls a man among fellow-men which he remains in his private life)is the disinterested scientific onlooker of the social world.”可知,社会学家(作为社会学家,而不是在同胞中过个体生活的人)是社交界中不偏袒的科学旁观者。据此可知,在描述文化模式的组成时,作者使用单词“peculiar”的目的是为了揭示观察者的旁观角度。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ejmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Anorator,whosepurposeistopersuademen,mustspeakthethingstheywishtohear,anorator,whosepurposeistomovemen,m
Tohiscosmopolitanmindsuchdeviationsfromthesocial______werenomorethanaretheirregularitiesofvaleandmountain-ch
Seventeen-year-oldQuantaeWilliamsdoesn’tunderstandwhytheU.S.SupremeCourtstruckdownhisschooldistrict’sracialdive
In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehireda
Criticismofresearchlaysasignificantfoundationforfutureinvestigativework,butwhenstudentsbegintheirownprojects,t
Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcern
Youradvicewouldbe______valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.
Alreadylaserscanobliterateskinblemishes,topicallyapplieddrugscansmoothfaciallinesandinjectedagentscanremovedee
Alreadylaserscanobliterateskinblemishes,topicallyapplieddrugscansmoothfaciallinesandinjectedagentscanremovedee
Moderncomplexsocietiesaretroubledbyalackofconsensusaroundmanyissuesofrightandwrongorproperandimproperbehavi
随机试题
在国际市场上进行竞争的企业可以通过哪些途径来降低成本?
A.55%~65%B.20%~30%C.10%~15%D.60%~65%E.20%~25%脂肪占总能量的推荐比例是
A.假药B.劣药C.特殊管理的药品D.仿制药品E.残次药品精神药品是国家明文规定实行
撤销权自债权人知道或应当知道撤销事由之日起()内行使。
S国是一个新成立的国家。其成立后,甲国代表向联合国大会提案支持S国成为联合国的会员国;乙国与S国签署了两国互助同盟友好条约;丙国允许S国在其首都设立商业旅游服务机构;丁国与S国共同参加了某项贸易规则的多边谈判会议。根据国际法的有关规则,上述哪些国家的行为构
下列项目中不属于外购存货成本的是( )。
FOB、CFR、CIF术语的相同点有__________。
精神分析理论对心理异常现象的看法有()。
生态农业的生产以资源的永续利用和生态环境保护为重要前提,根据生物与环境相协调适应、物种优化组合、能量物质高效率运转、输入输出平衡等原理,运用系统工程方法,依靠现代科学技术和社会经济信息的输入来组织生产。通过食物链网络化、农业废弃物资源化,充分发挥资源潜力和
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepicture
最新回复
(
0
)