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  3. In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversi

In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversi

admin2015-01-15  30
问题     In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they’re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
    A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
    Imitating the brain’s neural(神经的)network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors," he explains. "But it’s not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain’s capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
    Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today______.
选项 A、are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B、are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C、are not very different in their performance from those of the 1950s
D、still cannot communicate with people in a human language
答案D
解析 本题问作者说今天最先进的计算机能够做什么。文章第1段谈到目前计算机的能力水平。第2句指出，尽管计算机功能已经很强大，但它们仍然不能完成像早期预言者预言盼那样有像人类一样的行为，更不用说能像人类一样沟通这样复杂的事情。最先进的计算机想辨认一件物体的形状都很困难，而这对一个十个月大的孩子来说不过是基本的能力。故选D项。注意选项A项中的“are capable of reliably recognizing．．．”与短文中的“struggle to(努力，竭力，试图)reliably recognige．．．”是不一致的，故不能选。更多的考生可能会误选C项，但是，在效能(performance)上，当今电脑与20世纪50年代的电脑的差距是非常大的。本文探讨的是人工智能，而非电脑的一般效能，故选择时要紧扣短文主题。
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