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  3. Urban Energy Planning for a Sustainable Environment The People’s Republic of China (China) is the world’s most populous coun

Urban Energy Planning for a Sustainable Environment The People’s Republic of China (China) is the world’s most populous coun

admin2010-05-26  16
问题                   Urban Energy Planning for a Sustainable Environment
    The People’s Republic of China (China) is the world’s most populous country and the second largest energy consumer, with a rapid economic growth that has led to sharp increases in energy demand. In order to address this issue, China has to make a large investment in energy development and production and in the improvement of energy efficiency.
    At the beginning of 1998, the Chinese government enforced the Energy Conservation Law (ECL), promoting and encouraging energy efficiency as well as the development and use of renewable energy.
    In November 2001, in the framework of the Sino-Italian Cooperation Programme for Environment Protection (SICP), the Italian Ministry of Environment and Territory (IMET) and the State Environmental Protection Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SEPA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).
    According to the MOU, SEPA and IMET agreed to undertake the project titled Urban Energy Planning for a Sustainable Environment (UENP) at the municipal level. A set of "target" municipalities was identified within China’s territory, allowing for a subsequent dissemination of the UENP approach to other locations with similar energy efficiency problems. Initially, the energy planning effort will be primarily focused on three cities: Jinan, Suzhou and Taiyuan.
Project Objectives
    The general objective of the UENP is to identify and evaluate optimal solutions to reduce CO2 emissions and to improve the integrated environmental quality in the long run.
    More specific objectives are:
    the assessment within the "pilot" municipalities of the potential for an increase in energy efficiency in the most significant energy consumption sectors, taking into account the general structure of energy supplies and use and related environmental pollution issues.
    the formulation of feasible energy planning for each one of the pilot municipalities which may serve as a basic support for and guidance to the local authorities in the energy development and environmental protection sectors.
    The UENP will enable local governments to make appropriate decisions about energy production and consumption at the local level, for the industry, agriculture, service, and civil infrastructure sectors. The development of such a planning tool will involve both international and national experts as well as local experts and authorities in order to guarantee the sharing of the results.
    Capacity Building
    All of the activities included in Phases A, B and C will be performed through a close cooperation between the Italian and the Chinese expert teams. During the project, a specific program of training and capacity building for the Chinese experts will be activated.
    Project Funding
    The total cost of the project is 1.1 million Euro, including 0.3 million Euro for the activities to be performed by SEPA. CETMA will act as the implementation agency for the Italian side.
    Duration of the Project
    The duration of the project is estimated to be 18 months.
    Methodological Approach
    The UENP will consist of the following three phases:
    Phase A: Energy Planning Framework
    Aim of this phase will be to assess the current energy situation in China, with a national as well as a regional perspective.
    This exercise will provide the conceptual and strategic framework for the activities to be developed in the following project phases. Phase A will include the following main activities:
   review of the present conditions of the national and regional economics, energy sources and environment;
   estimation of energy demand (medium and long term) and the potential load on the environment.
    Phase B: Energy Characterization of Pilot Areas
    Aim of this phase is to set up a complete breakdown of energy use in the selected municipalities and to gather fundamental information on the main energy consumption sectors within the selected municipalities, and on possible improvements in energy efficiency and potential renewable energy sources.
    For each of the subject municipalities, one or more industrial energy sectors will be identified and specific energy surveys will be conducted.
    During the surveys, relevant data concerning the performance and the characteristics on the plant components will be collected, as well as the available operational and maintenance (O&M) procedures. The team of energy analysts will identify specific interventions suitable for the improvement of energy efficiency, also evaluating the corresponding payback period.
    Phase C: Elaboration of Clean Energy Plans
    This phase will be devoted to the development of the UENP for the selected municipalities. A Final Report will be provided for discussion and approval in a joint meeting with the local authorities and energy producers. Specific strategies will be presented in the document, tailored to the particular characteristics of the municipalities being studied. As required in the ECL, these strategies will be focused on both the identification of the most efficient actions and the development of specific policies in the energy sector at the municipality level.
    How UENP Relates to Agenda 21
    One of the additional benefits of the Sino-Italian Cooperation Programme’s Urban Energy Plan is its strong policy addressing and, by consequence, strengthening the practical implementation of Agenda 21 in China.
    China’s Agenda 21 gives high priority to initiatives such as the UENP project, i.e. important projects such as "Cleaner Production and Environmental Protection Industry" and "Clear Energy and Transportation" as well as to the project titled "Capacity Building for Sustainable Development".
   Capacity Building For Sustainable Development: The UENP project will support legislation and enforcement, policies, education and training, and public participation in sustainable development.
   Cleaner Production and Environmental Protection Industry: The UENP project will enhance management, standards, policies and regulations for better use of energy and cleaner industrial production.
   Clean Energy and Transportation: The project will increase energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable energy sources.
   Population, Health and Human Settlements: The UENP project will increase energy efficiency in buildings and will aid the sustainable development in human settlements.
选项 A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案B
解析 At the beginning of 2001, the Chinese government enforced the Energy Conservation Law.
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