2. 外语
  3. We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not constitute the inner fact of language and that the single sound

We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not constitute the inner fact of language and that the single sound

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问题     We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not
constitute the inner fact of language and that the single sound of
articulated speech is not, as such, a linguistic element at all. For all
that, speech is SO inevitably bound up with sounds and its articulation【S1】________
that we can hardly avoid giving the subject of phonetics some general
consideration. Experience has shown that neither the purely formal
aspects of a language or the course of its history can be fully understood【S2】________
without reference with the sounds in which this form and this history are【S3】________
embodied. The feeling that the average speaker has of his language is
that it is built up, acoustically speaking, of a comparatively small
number of distinctive sounds, each of which is rather accurately provided【S4】________
for in the current alphabet by one letter or, in few cases, by two or more【S5】________
alternative letters. As for the languages of foreigners, he generally
feels that, aside from a few striking differences that cannot escape even
the critical ear, the sounds they use are the same as those he is familiar【S6】________
with but that there is a mysterious “accent” to these foreign languages,
a certainly unanalyzed phonetic character, apart from the sounds as【S7】________
such, that gives them their air of strangeness. This naive feeling is
largely illusory on all scores. Phonetic analysis convinces one that【S8】________
a number of clearly distinguishable sounds and nuances of sounds that【S9】________
are habitually employed by the speakers of a language is far greater than
they by themselves recognize. 【S10】________
【S3】
选项
答案with—to
解析 介词误用。refer的名词形式reference也应与to搭配，意为“参考”。
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