2. 考研
  3. A ) Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of G

A ) Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of G

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问题 A ) Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
B ) In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
C) How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
D ) Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural village and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.
E) To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
F ) Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossos) on the island of Crete, in 1900.
G ) Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amounts of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
Order:
【B11】→A→【B12】→E→【B13】→【B14】→【B15】
【B11】
选项
答案C
解析 本填空位于整篇文章的首段，且此后第二段已经给定了是A)。我们不妨首先对给定按照本书总结的“由点入面、以点串面”的破解方法，我们已经知道了段落D)一定出现在段落B)之前，并且两个段落紧紧衔接在一起，且它们无法填入空1和2，而是只能填入空3—5。并且段落A)与F)形成了前后的顺序关系，等于填空2的答案已经可以确定为F)。由此可知，选项A)、F)、E)、B)、D)已经不可能是1题的答案，答案只能在选项C)和G)之间进行选择。稍微比较性地读一下这两个段落，就会发现选项G)是在很具体地描述Ground surveys如何帮助考古学家确定发掘地点。而选项C)是以一个设问句开头：How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?这个设问句提出了主题，即考古学家如何确定发掘地点?而这恰恰就是本文探讨的主题。很显然1题的答案为C)，段落C)就是文章的起始段。
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