首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
admin
2011-02-11
42
问题
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure., how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence., that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psycho historians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.
The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?
选项
A、The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.
B、Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.
C、Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.
D、Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.
答案
D
解析
本题为细节判断题。根据原文第三段中的Psychohistory derives its“facts”not from history,the detailed records of events and their consequences,but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history,and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives,but from a view of human nature that transcends history...,我们可以判断出该题的正确答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fleO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、theeconomicboominmanycountries.B、therefusalofmanycountriestoexportoil.C、theembargoagainstIraqioilexports.D
CommunicatingThroughInternetThehistoryoftheInternetcanbedatedbacktothe1960’s,whentheDepartmentof【1】______
CommunicatingThroughInternetThehistoryoftheInternetcanbedatedbacktothe1960’s,whentheDepartmentof【1】______
CommunicatingThroughInternetThehistoryoftheInternetcanbedatedbacktothe1960’s,whentheDepartmentof【1】______
CommunicatingThroughInternetThehistoryoftheInternetcanbedatedbacktothe1960’s,whentheDepartmentof【1】______
CommunicatingThroughInternetThehistoryoftheInternetcanbedatedbacktothe1960’s,whentheDepartmentof【1】______
WhichofthefollowinghistoricaleventsdoesNOTdirectlyhelptostimulatetherisingoftheRenaissanceMovement?
随机试题
为什么要编制零基预算?怎样编制?
关于企业价值评估与单项资产评估汇总确定企业评估价值的区别,不正确的是()
[*]
A.甲状腺次全切除B.放射性131Ⅰ治疗C.甲状腺片D.碘剂E.心得安(普萘洛尔)甲亢在手术前应选用
小儿水肿风水相搏证的用方是小儿水肿肺脾气虚证的用方是
只有解决好就业问题,才能真正消除贫困。因此,在社会救助制度中,不仅要对社会救助对象提供金钱和实物的救助,而且要对其提供就业援助服务,变下游干预为上游干预,促进受救助者自力更生、自食其力,最终摆脱贫困。将“输血式”救助与“造血式”帮扶有机结合,将物质救助和提
(2015山西)甲、乙二人分别从A、B两地驾车同时出发,匀速相向而行,甲车的速度是乙车的2/3,两车开出6小时后相遇,相遇后以原速继续前进。问甲比乙晚几个小时到达目的地?
A:Doyouwantmetogetyouacupofcoffee?B:______
Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
Man:Ihopeyoucanunderstandmyreasonsfordecidingtoleave,Mrs.Harrison.Woman:DoIhavetoremindyouthatwehaveinve
最新回复
(
0
)