2. 外语
  3. Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961) : one of the best known and most influential American novelists and short-story writers. All his l

Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961) : one of the best known and most influential American novelists and short-story writers. All his l

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问题 Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961) : one of the best known and most influential American novelists and short-story writers.  All his life Hemingway was fascinated by war—in World War I he worked for the Red Cross on the Italian front, in the Spanish Civil War and World War II he served as a war reporter. His experiences and observations provided him with materials and background for many of his best works, in which he concerned himself with man’s courage in facing strong physical forces.
"Grace under pressure" was Hemingway’s definition of courage. In his view, life is painful and complex. The only way to survive is to face what comes with honor, dignity, strength, knowledge and endurance. Hemingway’s overall message, as established in The Old Man and the Sea ( 1952) , his nearly flawless short novel which gained him the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in 1954, is that although life is a lonely, losing battle, it is a struggle that a man can dominate in such a way that his loss has dignity and is itself a victory.
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答案 欧内斯特?海明威(1899—1961)是美国最知名、最有影响力的长篇与短篇小说家之一。在海明威的一生中，他痴迷于战争——在第一次世界大战中，他在意大利前线为红十字会工作；在西班牙内战与第二次世界大战中，他曾做过战地记者。他的经历和观察为他的许多佳作提供了素材和背景。在那些作品中，他关注的是人类面对强大物质力量时所展现出的勇气。 “在压力下保持优雅”是海明威所定义的勇气。依他之见，人生是痛苦而且复杂的。唯一的生存之道是以荣誉、尊严、力量、知识与忍耐面对所发生的一切。海明威的全部理念已经在他1952年创作的近乎完美的短篇小说《老人与海》中得以确立，这篇小说曾在1953年赢得普利策文学奖，并在1954年荣获诺贝尔文学奖。他的理念是，虽然人生是一场充满寂寞且不断失败的战役，但是只要他的失败不失尊严，那么这本身就是胜利，这个人就是其人生的主宰者。
解析 1．第一段第一句中的novelists在文中的确切含义是“长篇小说家”。
2．第二句中的was fascinated by指“为……所着迷”。
3．第一段最后一句可将非限制性定语从句单译为一句。materials指“写作的素材”；heconcerned himself with…指“他关注的是……”。
4．第二段第一句中的Grace under pressure翻译时要运用词性转换，将Grace译为动词词组，即“在压力下保持优雅”。
5．第二段最后一句是个长句，主语部分的修饰成分较多，可以单独译为一句；后面的表语部分独立成句，为了使语义连贯，在前面增加“他的理念是……”。
6．第二段最后一句有两个专有名词：Pulitzer Prize“普利策奖”和Nobel Prize“诺贝尔奖”，两个词在此处都特指文学奖项。losing battle中，现在分词losing强调“不断失败”。a man candominate in such a way that his loss has dignity and is itself a victory，这个句子是英语的前重心句，应调整语序，译为汉语后重心句。
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