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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
    If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
According to the text, consumers in the American economic system ______.
选项 A、can largely determine the economy system
B、can buy whatever goods and services they want by spending money
C、can spend their money to buy goods and services
D、can determine what goods and services shall be produced to a large extent by consumption
答案D
解析 选项D对应第一段第一句which从句的内容，文中说到消费者通过花他们的钱去买自己最想要的商品和服务，从而在很大程度上决定着什么应该被生产。因此D选项是这句话的同义替换，选项B无中生有。选项B曲解文意，文章中并没有说他们可以买到任何他们想要的东西。选项C只是断章取义。
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