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  3. We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by

We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by

admin2019-08-08  54
问题    We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by the gentle chime of email at all hours. To our delight and horror, smart-phones and tablets have given us the flexibility to respond to work from anywhere, practically becoming one of the family. 【F1】Entrepreneurs and executives are known for a round-the-clock devotion to work, in contrast to the four-day-weekgurus, but what toll does availability take for those whose jobs require it?
   A recent study links extended work availability with decreased calmness, mood, and energy levels. 【F2】By looking at industries from technical services to nursing, the study evaluated the effects of being on-call—that is, not at work, but being expected to remain available by phone for questions or customer requests. Participants marked lower moods the morning after being on-call compared to mornings after days when they were not required to be available, which the researchers believe occurs because readiness to respond makes it harder to recover from work. The possibility alone hindered recovery from work.
   These results were strengthened by an association between psychology and physiology. Cortisol (皮质醇 ) is a stress hormone, and changes in Cortisol levels are associated with health problems. 【F3】While hunter-gatherers probably found these changes useful in preparing for predator attacks, today’s consensus is that the unavoidable daily stressors of modern life change Cortisol levels in ways more harmful than helpful.
   Some secrets to avoiding the damages of daily stress lie in the variation between people. In this study, there was wide variation in the effects on the participants. Some people experienced none at all. What accounts for this? That question has led to research in recent years on the flip side of stress, resilience. 【F4】The body’s response to stress is so complicated that looking at the people who cope well with stress may give more straightforward coping strategies than working from molecular scratch.
   Given the present knowledge of stress’s long-term effects on our health, we have two options to consider. We can reduce job stress or maximize recovery afterwards. 【F5】But so long as we are jumping to answer the phone when work calls, there is little chance of either happening. As eminent stress researcher Robert Sapolsky noted in a talk at UC Berkeley, not all stress is harmful, but duration is key. "Good stress is transient—it’s not for nothing that you don’t have roller coaster rides going for three weeks."
【F3】
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答案尽管狩猎者可能曾发现这些变化有助于应对食肉动物的袭击，但如今的共识则是，来自现代生活不可避免的日常压力，使皮质醇水平发生弊大于利的变化。
解析 ①本句是复合句，句首为while引导的让步状语从句，主句为主系表结构，表语由that引导的从句充当。②让步状语从句中，found these changes useful为“find sth a.”结构，其中的形容词作宾语的补足语，起补充说明的作用，in preparing for predator attacks可理解为“在应对食肉动物袭击方面”。③表语从句中，stressors可视为stress的派生词，表示“应激物，压力源”；方式状语in ways more harmful than helpful中的比较结构more harmful than helpful为修饰ways的后置定语。
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