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  3. Humanity’s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathemati

Humanity’s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathemati

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问题     Humanity’s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics. However, the concept of number and the counting process developed so long【C1】______the time of recorded history (there is archaeological【C2】______that counting was employed by humans as far back as 50, 000 years ago) that the【C3】______of this development is largely conjectural (推测的). Imaging how it probably came【C4】______is not difficult. The argument that humans,【C5】______in prehistoric times, had some number sense, at least【C6】______the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were【C7】______to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possesses such a【C8】______.
    With the【C9】______evolution of society, simple counting became necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had and how many enemies, and shepherd needed to know【C10】______the flock of sheep was decreasing in size. Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally (计算，记录) method,【C11】______the principle of one-to-one correspondence. In【C12】______a count of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be【C13】______. Counts could also be【C14】______by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string.
   【C15】______, perhaps later, an assortment of vocal【C16】______was developed as a word tally against the number of objects in a small group. And【C17】______later, with the development of writing, a set of【C18】______was invented to stand for these numbers. Such an imagined development is【C19】______by reports of anthropologists in their studies of present day societies that are【C20】______to be similar to those of early humans.
【C9】
选项 A、continuous
B、continual
C、unceasing
D、gradual
答案D
解析 此句是说随着社会的逐渐发展，简单的计算变得很有必要。[D]gradual与evolution构成搭配，evolution本身包含“逐渐的，逐步的”的概念，故答案为[D]。[A]centinuous指事件或活动持续了相当长的一段时间而没有间断；[B]continual一般指动作的多次重复；[C]unceasing指不停的、不断的、持续的。
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