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  3. Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

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问题     Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
    First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual anti moral information which he has obtained. (47)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
    This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one (48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
    The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. "Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts", as Emerson would say, "is something else".

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答案但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道德规范，正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探索一样。
解析 本句由一个比较结构"not....any more than"分割成两部分。该比较结构具体到本句，翻译时大致的框架必须是：如同人们没有期待商人…，一般科学家的主要任务也不是…。前句中仍然是一个定语从句："which governs his activity"，而这个定语从句本身结构比较简单，可以作为一个修饰成分，因此，我们可以直接把整个定语从句前置，作为形容词翻译在中心词"moral code"之前。当然，这里出现的"his"也需要找到它的指代对象，也就是前句的"average scientist"。
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