2. 外语
  3. The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and h

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and h

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问题     The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetic. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery—cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
    In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
    The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in this century. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in newborn babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operations for the octogenarian (80岁至89岁之间的人).
    Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
When has the heart-open surgery been possible?
选项 A、Only in the last fifty years.
B、From prehistoric times.
C、Since the nineteenth century.
D、Since the invention of valves.
答案A
解析 文中第二段第三、四句说：“今天进行的外科手术在50年代以前就连做梦也想不到。心脏能够被安全地打开，它受损的瓣膜也能够被修复。”由此可以得知，心脏开刀手术在50年前是不可能的。选项A“只是在最近50年”符合文中内容。
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