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  3. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them

admin2019-08-08  59
问题    Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them to wheel chairs. In the end, typically when they are in their 20s, it kills them. 【F1】Patients and parents are understandably thrilled, therefore, at the decision taken by America’s drug agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to approve the first treatment for such disease. No one could fail to be moved by their campaign to win approval. At an FDA meeting this year one sufferer pleaded: "please don’t let me die early."
   Nonetheless, the decision bodes ill for drug discovery in America. Sarepta Therapeutics, the firm behind the drug, did not meet the usual standards for approval to market it. Staff at the FDA’s drug-evaluation division are skeptical about the efficacy of its drug. They argue that the clinical evidence before them involved a flawed experiment on only 12 patients. But the division’s director overruled them. The FDA has asked Sarepta to conduct further trials to confirm that its drug works.
   Shareholders in Sarepta do not have to wait that long to reap the benefits. After the news of the approval broke, the firm’s share price rose from $28 to $49. On September 28th a health insurer announced that it would pay for the drug in certain cases. The treatment will not come cheap: its gross annual cost could be as much as $665,600 per patient. Politicians have been urging the FDA to be more responsive to the needs of patients; 【F2】the families of patients did what anyone would, given the choice between the certainty of a bad outcome and the possibility of a better one, and campaigned for treatments to come to market. 【F3】The drug was approved under a special program that allows drugs to go on sale more quickly when they treat grave conditions with unmet needs. But that should not mean that standards for clinical trials are watered down.
   【F4】The pact between drug makers and society is that innovative drugs win market exclusivity as a reward for the money that has been spent developing them. Weakening the FDA’s standards for approval has two harmful effects. First, it creates an incentive for meaningless innovation. Second, it passes more of the risk involved in drug development to consumers and taxpayers. 【F5】In the future the FDA ought to stick to the clear standard that has served it well for decades: do not approve a drug unless it has been shown to work.
【F4】
选项
答案制药公司与社会之间的契约体现在创新药物赢得了市场专营权，这是对企业花钱研发这些药物的一种奖励。
解析 ①本句为复合句，包含一个表语从句和一个定语从句。②句首between drug makers and society作主语the pact的后置定语，起修饰作用，说明the pact的范围。③表语从句中as a reward为状语，补充说明win market exclusivity，意为“作为……的一种奖励”。其后的介词for引出的for the money为目的状语成分。④定语从句that has been spent developing them修饰先行词the money，其中宾语them指代的是前文的innovative drugs。
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